Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell. Those are t<span>he electrons on an atom that can be gained or lost in a chemical reaction.
</span>Elements that are left on the periodic table <span> have relatively few </span>valence electrons<span>, and can form ions more easily by losing their </span>valence electrons<span> to form positively charged cations.</span>
<span>Nonmetals are further to the right on the periodic table, so they gain electrons relatively easily and lose them with difficulty. </span>
Ionic bonds form between nonmetals and metals.
The reason ionic bonds are formed is because nonmetals and metals usually have high electronegativities, which essentially means that metals pull on nonmetals' electrons.
When a metal takes an electron from a nonmetal, the metal becomes negatively charged and the nonmetal becomes positively charged. Because opposite charges attract, the two atoms will stick together, thus forming an ionic bond
-T.B.
Freezing point depression depends of the number of particles of the solute in the solution.
1)Pure water have highest freezing point. All other solutions with given solutes will have lower temperatures.
2) The more particles of the solute in the solution the lower freezing point is going to be.
<span>b. 1.0 m NaCl ( dissociates and give 2 mol ions (1 mol Na⁺ and 1 mol Cl⁻))
c. 1.0 m K3PO4 (</span>dissociates and give 4 mol ions (3 mol K⁺ and 1 mol PO4³⁻)<span>
d. 1.0 m CaCl2 (</span>dissociates and give 3 mol ions (1 mol Ca²⁺ and 2 mol Cl⁻))<span>
e. 1.0 m glucose (c6h12o6) (glucose does not dissociate, and solution have
1 mole of particles of the solute(glucose))
The largest number of particles has </span>1.0 m K3PO4 solution, and it is has lowest freezing point . Answer is C.
Answer:
The reaction is not at equilibrium and reaction must run in forward direction.
Explanation:
At the given interval, concentration of NO = 
Concentration of 
= 
Concentration of NOBr = 
Reaction quotient,
, for this reaction = ![\frac{[NOBr]^{2}}{[NO]^{2}[Br_{2}]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5BNOBr%5D%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7B%5BNO%5D%5E%7B2%7D%5BBr_%7B2%7D%5D%7D)
species inside third bracket represents concentrations at the given interval.
So, 
So, the reaction is not at equilibrium.
As 
therefore reaction must run in forward direction to increase and make it equal to 
.
