soil, rock, organic layer
Explanation:
Permeability is the ability of a layer of rock to transmit fluid such as oil or water
The factors that affect the permeability of a rock layer includes the sizes of the rock particles, the ratio of the available voids to the solid mass of the rock, the presence of trapped air and the presence of organic matter
Rocks such as gravels, and sparingly cemented sands have high permeability
The most impermeable of the options are granite and clay which for granite has large particle mass and contain no voids while clay has very fine particles packed together with little room for water
Therefore, water moves easily between layers soil, rock, organic layer
Answer: to start what cycle
Explanation:
I'm guessing the answer is a
Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
