Answer:
(A) elemental, alloy, or compound thin films are deposited on to a bulk substrate
Explanation:
In film deposition there is process of depositing of material in form of thin films whose size varies between the nano meters to micrometers onto a surface. The material can be a single element a alloy or a compound.
This technology is very useful in semiconductor industries, in solar panels in CD drives etc
so from above discussion it is clear that option (a) will be the correct answer
Aesthetic elements are the components that are added to the design to be considered pleasing to the eye.
<h3>What are aesthetic elements?</h3>
They are those characteristics of an object that deal with the outward appearance or beauty of an object, that is, they are those elements that make it valuable, appreciable, relevant or transcendent.
To do this, the qualities must be in the design of the object but must also be perceived by the consumer, the aesthetic being what we like to perceive in objects.
Therefore, we can conclude that aesthetic elements are the components that are added to the design to be considered pleasing to the eye.
Learn more about aesthetic elements here: brainly.com/question/24568271
Answer:
a)
, b) Yes.
Explanation:
a) The maximum thermal efficiency is given by the Carnot's Cycle, whose formula is:


b) The claim of the inventor is possible since real efficiency is lower than maximum thermal efficiency.
Answer: Doctrine of ratification
Explanation:Doctrine of ratification tries to show that a person who is taking so much a time to complain has indicated that he agrees even if he doesn't without a written consent. This is to eliminate undue waste of time in business, legal an other proceedings requiring consent of both parties.
Doctrine of ratification can either be implied or expressed
Implied ratification is the type of ratification where a persons actions or body language can be seen that he has accepted.
Express ratification is a ratification where a person intentionally accept by showing either through written or verbally.