To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to the capacitance in the disks, the difference of the potential and the load in the disc.
The capacitance can be expressed in terms of the Area, the permeability constant and the diameter:

Where,
= Permeability constant
A = Cross-sectional Area
d = Diameter
Potential difference between the two disks,
V = Ed
Where,
E = Electric field
d = diameter
Q = Charge on the disk equal to 
Through the value found and the expression given for capacitance and potential, we can define the electric charge as





Re-arranging the equation to find the diameter of the disks, the equation will be:

Replacing,


Therefore the diameter of the disks is 0.03m
It's the angle made by the incident ray when it's perpendicular to the surface. (Perpendicular lines are the lines that form a graph or like a 90-degree angle)
Heat supplied to the gold will raise the temperature of the gold from 20 degree Celsius to 90 degree Celsius.
Mass of the gold (m) = 0.072 kg
Temperature change (ΔT) = 90 - 20 = 70 degree Celsius
Specific heat capacity of the gold (c) = 136 J/kg C
Heat supplied = m × c × ΔT
Heat supplied = 0.072 × 136 × 70
Heat supplied = 685.44 Joules
Hence, the heat supplied to the gold to raise the temperature from 20 degree Celsius to 90 degree Celsius = 685.44 Joules
Pulling a dogs leash: inertia