Answer:
<u><em>To answer this question we assumed that the area units and the thickness units are given in inches.</em></u>
The number of atoms of lead required is 1.73x10²³.
Explanation:
To find the number of atoms of lead we need to find first the volume of the plate:

<u>Where</u>:
A: is the surface area = 160
t: is the thickness = 0.002
<u><em>Assuming that the units given above are in inches we proceed to calculate the volume: </em></u>
Now, using the density we can find the mass:

Finally, with the Avogadros number (
) and with the atomic mass (A) we can find the number of atoms (N):
Hence, the number of atoms of lead required is 1.73x10²³.
I hope it helps you!
Answer: ε₁+ε₂+ε₃ = 0
Explanation: Considering the initial and final volume to be constant which gives rise to the relation:-
l₀l₀l₀=l₁l₂l₃

taking natural log on both sides

Considering the logarithmic Laws of division and multiplication :
ln(AB) = ln(A)+ln(B)
ln(A/B) = ln(A)-ln(B)

Use the image attached to see the definition of true strain defined as
ln(l1/1o)= ε₁
which then proves that ε₁+ε₂+ε₃ = 0
Answer:
(C) passive state.
Explanation:
The earth pressure is the pressure exerted by the soil on the shoring system. They are three types of earth pressure which are:
a) Rest state: In this state, the retaining wall is stationary, this makes the lateral stress to be zero.
b) Active state: In this state, the wall moves away from the back fill, this leads to an internal resistance. Hence the active earth pressure is less than earth pressure at rest
c) Passive state: In this state the wall is pushed towards the back fill, this leads to shearing resistance. Hence, the passive earth pressure is greater than earth pressure at rest