During translation, a ribosome reads a sequence of mRNA (messenger RNA) in groups of 3 bases called codons. The ribosome then calls for a tRNA (transfer RNA) molecule with another group of 3 bases that correspond to the codon. This group of bases is called an anticodon. The ribosome strings the anticodons together to create an amino acid chain, and then final processing occurs to create the desired protein. In a way, the ribosome is translating the language the mRNA is using into a language that the tRNA can understand, hence why translation is used.
Organism X existed for a short period of time. I really like geology so trust me, I am 100% sure about this question.
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As evidenced by their most recent common ancestor, the wings of the butterfly and the wings of the bat evolved independently, long after their ancestral lineages diverged. More examples of analogous structures: wings of various species (though the bones supporting the wing may be homologous, in some cases)
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Gene therapy replaces a faulty gene or adds a new gene in an attempt to cure disease or improve your body's ability to fight disease. Gene therapy holds promise for treating a wide range of diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, hemophilia and AIDS.
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