Answer:
In 1897, the British physicist J. J. Thomson (1856–1940) proved that atoms were not the most basic form of matter. He demonstrated that cathode rays could be deflected, or bent, by magnetic or electric fields, which indicated that cathode rays consist of charged particles (Figure 2.2.2 ). More important, by measuring the extent of the deflection of the cathode rays in magnetic or electric fields of various strengths, Thomson was able to calculate the mass-to-charge ratio of the particles. These particles were emitted by the negatively charged cathode and repelled by the negative terminal of an electric field. Because like charges repel each other and opposite charges attract, Thomson concluded that the particles had a net negative charge; these particles are now called electrons. Most relevant to the field of chemistry, Thomson found that the mass-to-charge ratio of cathode rays is independent of the nature of the metal electrodes or the gas, which suggested that electrons were fundamental components of all atoms.
Explanation:
Answer:
measuring the consumption of the products and the rate of conversion of products to reagents
Explanation:
It must be taken into account that the reaction rate also depends on the presence of a catalyst, since these advance the rate of the reaction.
A caption is a positively charged ion. They are formed when an ion loses one or more electrons. Typical it is the loss Of their valence electrons.
The element aluminum forms a cation with the charge of +3. The symbol for this ion is Al³⁺, and the name is aluminum ion. The number of electrons in this ion 10.
<h3>What are ions?</h3>
Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.
Metals form positive ions by a loss of electrons whereas non-metals form negative ions by gaining electrons.
The aluminum ion is formed when aluminum loses three electrons to form Al³⁺ ion which has 10 electrons.
in conclusion, ions are formed by a gain or loss of electrons.
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Answer:
A.The Atlantic Ocean has more mid-ocean ridges than the Pacific Ocean so that keeps it growing larger.
Explanation:
Atlantic ocean is getting bigger because of the presence of spreading centers (divergent plate boundary). ... Pacific Ocean is getting smaller because the pacific plate is subducting along the subduction zones. Subduction zones are areas where old, dense plate subducts beneath a less dense plate.
