Since the half-reaction is occurring in a basic solution, add 32OH− to each side of the equation to eliminate the H+ ions.
P₄ +16H₂O + 32OH⁻ ⟶ 4PO₃⁻⁴ + 32H⁺ +32OH⁻
Final reaction :
P₄ + 32OH⁻ ⟶ 4PO₃⁻⁴ + 16H₂O + 20e⁻
A half reaction is either the oxidation or reduction reaction component of a redox reaction. A half reaction is obtained by considering the change in oxidation states of individual substances involved in the redox reaction.
The concept of half-reactions is used to describe what occurs in an electrochemical cell, such as a Galvanic cell battery. Half-reactions can be written to describe both the metal undergoing oxidation (known as the anode) and the metal undergoing reduction (known as the cathode).
Half-reactions are often used as a method of balancing redox reactions. For oxidation-reduction reactions in acidic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, one will need to add H+ ions to balance the hydrogen ions in the half reaction.
For oxidation-reduction reactions in basic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, first treat it as an acidic solution and then add OH- ions to balance the H+ ions in the half reactions (which would give H2O).
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If a solution is saturated, that means it already posses the maximum number of solutes thus have been dissolved in it, and thus the concentration cannot be increased.
<em>Answer: </em>John Dalton
Explanation: Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought. He proposed that matter could NOT be divided into smaller pieces forever. John Dalton created the very first atomic theory.
Answer:
Chlorowanie wody jest procesem względnie tanim – koszt zbudowania samej instalacji do dezynfekcji, jak również koszt operacyjny wytworzenia 1 metra sześciennego uzdatnionej chlorem wody jest niższy od dezynfekcji wody za pomocą ozonu. Źródłem chloru w procesie dezynfekcji jest zazwyczaj podchloryn sodu, rzadziej dwutlenek chloru.
Explanation:
Answer:
Elements with unpaired valence electrons in the outer orbital are paramagnetic. Elements that are predicted to exhibit paramagnetic behavior may exhibit ferromagnetic behavior. Elements that contain only paired valence electrons are diamagnetic.
