<h3><u>CSMA/CD Protocol:
</u></h3>
Carrier sensing can transmit the data at anytime only the condition is before sending the data sense carrier if the carrier is free then send the data.
But the problem is the standing at one end of channel, we can’t send the entire carrier. Because of this 2 stations can transmit the data (use the channel) at the same time resulting in collisions.
There are no acknowledgement to detect collisions, It's stations responsibility to detect whether its data is falling into collisions or not.
<u>Example:
</u>
, at time t = 10.00 AM, A starts, 10:59:59 AM B starts at time 11:00 AM collision starts.
12:00 AM A will see collisions
Pocket Size to detect the collision.

CSMA/CD is widely used in Ethernet.
<u>Efficiency of CSMA/CD:</u>
- In the previous example we have seen that in worst case
time require to detect a collision.
- There could be many collisions may happen before a successful completion of transmission of a packet.
We are given number of collisions (contentions slots)=4.
Distance = 1km = 1000m

Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
The probability is 
Explanation:
The explanation is shown on the second and third uploaded image
Answer:
the generator induced voltage is 60.59 kV
Explanation:
Given:
S = 150 MVA
Vline = 24 kV = 24000 V

the network voltage phase is

the power transmitted is equal to:

the line induced voltage is

Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
a) The required additional minterms for f so that f has eight primary implicants with two literals and no other prime implicant are
and 
b) The essential prime implicant are
and 
c) The minimum sum-of-product expression for f are
Explanation:
The explanation is shown on the second third and fourth image