Answer:
Basically, paramagnetic and diamagnetic refer to the way a chemical species interacts with a magnetic field. More specifically, it refers to whether or not a chemical species has any unpaired electrons or not.
A diamagnetic species has no unpaired electrons, while a paramagnetic species has one or more unpaired electrons.
Now, I won't go into too much detail about crystal field theory in general, since I assume that you're familiar with it.
So, you're dealing with the hexafluorocobaltate(III) ion, [CoF6]3â’, and the hexacyanocobaltate(III) ion, [Co(CN)6]3â’.
You know that [CoF6]3â’ is paramagnetic and that [Co(CN)6]3â’ is diamagnetic, which means that you're going to have to determine why the former ion has unpaired electrons and the latter does not.
Both complex ions contain the cobalt(III) cation, Co3+, which has the following electron configuration
Co3+:1s22s22p63s23p63d6
For an isolated cobalt(III) cation, all these five 3d-orbitals are degenerate. The thing to remember now is that the position of the ligand on the spectrochemical series will determine how these d-orbtals will split.
More specifically, you can say that
a strong field ligand will produce a more significant splitting energy, Δ a weak field ligand will produce a less significant splitting energy, Δ
Now, the spectrochemical series looks like this
http://chemedu.pu.edu.tw/genchem/delement/9.htmhttp://chemedu.pu.edu.tw/genchem/delement/9.htm
Notice that the cyanide ion, CNâ’, is higher on the spectrochemical series than the fluoride ion, Fâ’. This means that the cyanide ion ligands will cause a more significant energy gap between the eg and t2g orbitals when compared with the fluoride ion ligands.
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In the case of the hexafluorocobaltate(III) ion, the splitting energy is smaller than the electron pairing energy, and so it is energetically favorable to promote two electrons from the t2g orbitals to the eg orbitals → a high spin complex will be formed.
This will ensure that the hexafluorocobaltate(III) ion will have unpaired electrons, and thus be paramagnetic.
On the other hand, in the case of the hexacyanocobaltate(III) ion, the splitting energy is higher than the electron pairing energy, and so it is energetically favorable to pair up those four electrons in the t2g orbitals → a low spin complex is formed.
Since it has no unpaired electrons, the hexacyanocobaltate(III) ion will be diamagnetic.
Greater rainfall has an greater increase on the rate of chemical weathering. Rain is a form of precipitation.
Solids - particles are very close together (highest density on the list)
Liquids - the particles slide past one another
Gases - particles bounce off of surroundings and the same particles of the gas
Answer:
1. C4H8 + 6O2 -----> 4CO2 + 4H20
2. 3836.77 kcal
Explanation:
1. Balanced equation for the complete combustion of cyclobutane:
C4H8 + 6O2 -----> 4CO2 + 4H20
2. Heat of combustion of cyclobutane = 650.3 kcal/mol
Molecular weight of cyclobutane, C4H8 = 56.1 g/mol
Mole of C4H8 : mass of cyclobutane/Molecular weight of cyclobutane
Mole of C4H8 = 331/56.1 = 5.9 mol
Energy released during combustion = 5.9 mol × 650.3 kcal/mol = 3836.77kcal
Therefore the energythat is released during the complete combustion of 331 grams of cyclobutane is 3836.77kcal
Answer:
an animal that transfers pollen from flower to flower
Explanation:
think of a bee, bees move from flowers to flowers dropping pollen places and then it helps the plants grow.
