Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher performed the oil drop experiment.
It defines the element. If you change the protons, you change the type of element. A proton is positively charged and is most of the mass of the atom, next to the neutron. Neutrons have a very very very slightly higher mass.
A geological process changes the Earth's surface.
The chemical formula of oxalic is 
When oxalic acid reacts with water, first, oxalic acid removes one proton and results in the formation of mono acids.
After that, in second step, oxalic acid in aqueous solution removes another proton which shows it is a polyprotic acid.
The chemical equations are: (the reactions occurs in two steps due to presence to hydrogen atoms).
When one proton is removed:

When another proton is removed:

The dissociation of oxalic acid in water in shown in the image.