<u>answer</u> 1<u> </u><u>:</u>
Law of conservation of momentum states that
For two or more bodies in an isolated system acting upon each other, their total momentum remains constant unless an external force is applied. Therefore, momentum can neither be created nor destroyed.
<u>answer</u><u> </u><u>2</u><u>:</u><u> </u>
When a substance is provided energy<u> </u>in the form of heat, it's temperature increases. The extent of temperature increase is determined by the heat capacity of the substance. The larger the heat capacity of a substance, the more energy is required to raise its temperature.
When a substance undergoes a FIRST ORDER phase change, its temperature remains constant as long as the phase change remains incomplete. When ice at -10 degrees C is heated, its temperature rises until it reaches 0 degrees C. At that temperature, it starts melting and solid water is converted to liquid water. During this time, all the heat energy provided to the system is USED UP in the process of converting solid to the liquid. Only when all the solid is converted, is the heat used to raise the temperature of the liquid.
This is what results in the flat part of the freezing/melting of condensation/boiling curve. In this flat region, the heat capacity of the substance is infinite. This is the famous "divergence" of the heat capacity during a first order phase transition.
There are certain phase transitions where the heat capacity does not become infinitely large, such as the process of a non-magnetic substance becoming a magnetic substance (when cooled below the so-called Curie temperature).
The first law<span> of thermodynamics is a version of the </span>law<span> of conservation of </span>energy<span>, adapted for thermodynamic systems. The </span>law<span> of conservation of </span>energy<span> states that the total </span>energy<span> of an isolated system is constant; </span>energy<span> can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed</span>
<span>There are four isomeric haloalkanes with molecular formula C4H9Br
The primary bromides are 1-bromobutane,
CH3CH2CH2CH2Br, and 1-bromo-2-methylpropane,
(CH3)2CHCH2Br
The secondary bromide is 2-bromobutane,
CH3CH2CHBrCH3.
The tertiary bromide is 2-bromo-2-methylpropane,
(CH3)3CBr.</span>
ΔG > 0
is always true for the freezing of water.
Explanation:
- The freezing of water is only spontaneous when the temperature is fairly small. Over 273 K, the higher value of TΔS causes the sign of ΔG to be positive, and there is no freezing point.
- The entropy decreases as water freezes. This does not infringe the Thermodynamics second law. The second law doesn't suggest entropy will never diminish anywhere.
- Entropy will decline elsewhere, provided it increases by at least as much elsewhere.