Ionic bond is a chemical bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons between two atoms. The atom that loses electrons gains a positive charge (cation) and that which accepts electrons gains a negative charge (anion). Now, electronegativity is a parameter that measures the tendency of an atom to accept electrons. In the context of ionic bonding, two elements which show a significant difference in their electronegativity values form ionic bonds.
In the given examples, the difference in electronegativity is greatest between K and Br i.e. 0.8 and 2.8 respectively with a difference of 2.0. This also makes sense since K and Br are on the extreme ends of the periodic table. Hence, potassium with a valence electron configuration of 4s1 will lose its s electron to Br (4s24p6) and form an ionic molecule K⁺Br⁻
Ans E) potassium and bromine
Answer:
D. chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen.
Explanation:
- Thomas Graham found that, at a constant temperature and pressure the rates of effusion of various gases are inversely proportional to the square root of their masses.
<em>ν ∝ 1/√M</em>
where ν is the rate of effusion and M is the atomic or molecular mass of the gas particles.
- The molecular mass for the listed gases are:
O₂: 32.0 g/mol,
Cl₂: 70.906 g/mol,
N₂: 28.0 g/mol,
H₂: 2.0 g/mol.
- Hence, the smallest molecular mass of the gas, the fastest rate of effusion.
So, the order from the slowest to the fastest rate of effusion is:
<em>Chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen.</em>
Answer:
2
Explanation:
1. The dew is formed when the water vapor at the atmosphere contacts the leaves, which are at a low temperature, so, the vapor temperature decreases, and the liquid is formed. So, it's a gas to liquid change.
2. Ice cubes are at the solid-state, thus this transformation is solid to a liquid change.
3. The cold juice is at a low temperature, so when the water vapor of the air contacts with the glass, its temperature decreases, and its change to a liquid phase. So, it's a gas to liquid change.
4. The evaporated water from the Earth's surface goes to the atmosphere, and, at high altitudes, the temperature is low, so the water vapor condenses and the drops get closer together forming the clouds. So, it's a gas to a liquid change.
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Answer:
Calcium chloride react with aluminum to produce calcium and aluminum chloride. This reaction takes place at a temperature of 600-700°C.
CaCl2+F2 -> CaF2 + Cl2
