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3 years ago

Determine The Oxidation Number for

Chemistry

1 answer:

bixtya [17]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

A is +4

B is +4

C is +6

D is +3

E is +4

Explanation:

In order to learn how to find the oxidation number of an atom in a given compound, it is important to learn what oxidation numbers are. The oxidation number of an atom is a number that represents the total number of electrons lost or gained by it.

Calculating Oxidation Numbers

An oxidation number can be assigned to a given element or compound by following the following rules.

Any free element has an oxidation number equal to zero.

For monoatomic ions, the oxidation number always has the same value as the net charge corresponding to the ion.

The hydrogen atom (H) exhibits an oxidation state of +1. However, when bonded with an element with less electronegativity than it, it exhibits an oxidation number of -1.

Oxygen has an oxidation of -2 in most of its compounds. However, in the case of peroxides, the oxidation number corresponding to oxygen is -1.

All alkali metals (group 1 elements) have an oxidation state of +1 in their compounds.

All alkaline earth metals (group 2 elements) exhibit an oxidation state of +2 in their compounds.

In the compounds made up of two elements, a halogen (group 17 elements) have an oxidation number of -1 assigned to them.

In the case of neutral compounds, the sum of all the oxidation numbers of the constituent atoms totals to zero.

When polyatomic ions are considered, the sum of all the oxidation numbers of the atoms that constitute them equals the net charge of the polyatomic ion.

Thus, the oxidation number of an atom in a given compound can be calculated with the steps mentioned above.

How to Calculate Oxidation Number

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

As per the rules discussed above, the oxidation state of a group 17 element (halogen) in a diatomic molecule is -1. It is also discussed that hydrogen always exhibits an oxidation number of +1 unless it is paired with a less electronegative element.

Since chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen, an oxidation number of +1 can be assigned to the hydrogen atom in HCl.

Therefore, the oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 and the oxidation of chlorine is -1 in HCl. These values can be verified by adding these oxidation numbers. Since the total is zero, which is the value of the oxidation number corresponding to a neutral molecule, the values are verified.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

According to the rules to calculate oxidation number, which can be found in the previous subsection, the oxidation number of oxygen in its compounds (excluding peroxides) is -2.

Since there are two oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide, the total of the oxidation numbers corresponding to each oxygen is -4.

Since the CO2 molecule is neutral, the carbon atom must exhibit an oxidation state of +4 (the sum of all the oxidation numbers in a neutral molecule is zero).

Therefore, the oxidation state of oxygen was found to be -2 and the oxidation number of carbon is +4 in a carbon dioxide molecule.

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I choose oxygen because

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An actacide tablet containing Mg(OH)2 (MM = 58.3g / (mol)) is titrated with a 0.100 M solution of HNO3. The end point is determi

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Answer:

0.0583g

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction is;

2HNO3(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) -------> Mg(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

From the question, number of moles of HNO3 reacted= concentration × volume

Concentration of HNO3= 0.100 M

Volume of HNO3 = 20.00mL

Number of moles of HNO3= 0.100 × 20/1000

Number of moles of HNO3 = 2×10^-3 moles

From the reaction equation;

2 moles of HNO3 reacts with 1 mole of Mg(OH)2

2×10^-3 moles reacts with 2×10^-3 moles ×1/2 = 1 ×10^-3 moles of Mg(OH)2

But

n= m/M

Where;

n= number of moles of Mg(OH)2

m= mass of Mg(OH)2

M= molar mass of Mg(OH)2

m= n×M

m= 1×10^-3 moles × 58.3 gmol-1

m = 0.0583g

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What neutral element has the electron configuration described by the Aufbau diagram above.

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Answer:

Aluminium.

Explanation:

The above electronic configuration can be written in a simplified form as shown below:

1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p¹

Next, we shall determine the number of electrons in the atom of the element as follow:

Number electron = 2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 1

Number of electron = 13

Next, we shall determine the number of protons.

Since the element is in its neutral state,

The number of electrons and protons are equal i.e

Proton = Electron

Number of electron = 13

Proton = Electron = 13

Proton = 13

Next, we shall determine the atomic number of the element.

The atomic number of an element is simply the number of protons in the atom of the element i.e

Atomic number = proton number

Proton = 13

Atomic number = 13

Comparing the atomic number of the element with those in the periodic table, the element with the above electronic configuration is aluminium since no two elements have the same atomic number.

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7. Calculate the net charge of the following atoms.

loris [4]

Answer:

any atom that contains six protons is the element carbon and has the atomic number 6, regardless of how many neutrons or electrons it may have.

Explanation:

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Read 2 more answers

An analytical chemist weighs out 0.093g of an unknown monoprotic acid into a 250mL volumetric flask and dilutes to the mark with

Kamila [148]

Answer:

The molar mass of the unknown acid is 89 g/mol

Explanation:

Step 1: The balanced equation

HA(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaA(aq) + H2O(l)

It takes 1 mole of NaOH to neutralize 1 mole of the triprotic acid. This is called the reaction stoichiometry.

Step 2: Data given

Mass of the acid = 0.093 grams

volume = 250 mL

titrates with 0.16 M NaOH

adds 6.5 mL NaOH

Step 3: Calculate moles of NaOH

We know the concentration and volume of NaOH needed to neutralize the acid.

By determining the moles of NaOH in that volume in liters (95.9mL=0.0959L), the moles of acid in the original sample can be determined from the reaction stoichiometry.

Moles = Molarity * Volume

Moles = 0.16 M * 0.0065 L

Moles = 0.00104 moles NaOH

Step 4: Calculate moles of the unknown acid:

It takes 1 mole of NaOH to neutralize 1 mole of the triprotic acid. This is called the reaction stoichiometry.

For 0.00104 moles NaOH we have 0.00104 moles of HA

Step 5: Calculate the molar mass of the acid

Molar mass Ha = Mass Ha / moles Ha

Molar mass Ha = 0.093 grams / 0.00104 moles

Molar mass Ha = 89.42 g/mol ≈89 g/mol

The molar mass of the unknown acid is 89 g/mol

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