All categories

2 years ago

Determine The Oxidation Number for

Chemistry

1 answer:

bixtya [17]2 years ago

7 0

Answer:

A is +4

B is +4

C is +6

D is +3

E is +4

Explanation:

In order to learn how to find the oxidation number of an atom in a given compound, it is important to learn what oxidation numbers are. The oxidation number of an atom is a number that represents the total number of electrons lost or gained by it.

Calculating Oxidation Numbers

An oxidation number can be assigned to a given element or compound by following the following rules.

Any free element has an oxidation number equal to zero.

For monoatomic ions, the oxidation number always has the same value as the net charge corresponding to the ion.

The hydrogen atom (H) exhibits an oxidation state of +1. However, when bonded with an element with less electronegativity than it, it exhibits an oxidation number of -1.

Oxygen has an oxidation of -2 in most of its compounds. However, in the case of peroxides, the oxidation number corresponding to oxygen is -1.

All alkali metals (group 1 elements) have an oxidation state of +1 in their compounds.

All alkaline earth metals (group 2 elements) exhibit an oxidation state of +2 in their compounds.

In the compounds made up of two elements, a halogen (group 17 elements) have an oxidation number of -1 assigned to them.

In the case of neutral compounds, the sum of all the oxidation numbers of the constituent atoms totals to zero.

When polyatomic ions are considered, the sum of all the oxidation numbers of the atoms that constitute them equals the net charge of the polyatomic ion.

Thus, the oxidation number of an atom in a given compound can be calculated with the steps mentioned above.

How to Calculate Oxidation Number

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

As per the rules discussed above, the oxidation state of a group 17 element (halogen) in a diatomic molecule is -1. It is also discussed that hydrogen always exhibits an oxidation number of +1 unless it is paired with a less electronegative element.

Since chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen, an oxidation number of +1 can be assigned to the hydrogen atom in HCl.

Therefore, the oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 and the oxidation of chlorine is -1 in HCl. These values can be verified by adding these oxidation numbers. Since the total is zero, which is the value of the oxidation number corresponding to a neutral molecule, the values are verified.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

According to the rules to calculate oxidation number, which can be found in the previous subsection, the oxidation number of oxygen in its compounds (excluding peroxides) is -2.

Since there are two oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide, the total of the oxidation numbers corresponding to each oxygen is -4.

Since the CO2 molecule is neutral, the carbon atom must exhibit an oxidation state of +4 (the sum of all the oxidation numbers in a neutral molecule is zero).

Therefore, the oxidation state of oxygen was found to be -2 and the oxidation number of carbon is +4 in a carbon dioxide molecule.

You might be interested in

A glass marble is rubbed against a piece of silk. As a result the piece of fabric acquires extra electrons. What happens to the

Natalija [7]

Answer:

There was an electron transfer where the marble has lost the same amount of electrons (being positively charged) that the piece of silk has gained (being negatively charged).

Explanation:

As a result of this transfer of electrons and the charges induced in the objects they will attract.

When a body is endowed with electrical properties, that is, it acquires electrical charges, it is said to have been electrified.

Electrification is one of the phenomena that studies electrostatics.

To explain how static electricity originates, we must consider that matter is made of atoms, and atoms of charged particles, a nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons. Normally, matter is neutral (not electrified), it has the same number of positive and negative charges.

Some atoms are easier to lose their electrons than others. If a material tends to lose some of its electrons when it comes into contact with another, it is said to be more positive in the Triboelectric series. If a material tends to capture electrons when it comes into contact with another material, that material is more negative in the triboelectric series.

4 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

One lap of an engineered hamster track measures 255 cm. To run 10. meters, how many laps should the hamster run? Report your ans

Maru [420]

Answer:

3.9 laps

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Length of the hamster track (L): 255 cm

Total distance to be run (D): 10 m

Step 2: Convert "D" to centimeters

We will use the relationship 1 m = 100 cm.

10 m × (100 cm/1 m) = 1.0 × 10³ cm

Step 3: Calculate the number of laps (n) that the hamster should run

We will use the following expression.

n = D/L

n = 1.0 × 10³ cm/255 cm

n = 3.9

4 0

2 years ago

Which of the following is not a statement of Dalton's atomic theory of matter?a. Elements are made of atomsb. Atoms of a given e

Alona [7]

Answer:

c. The atoms of one element can be identical to the atoms of another element.

Explanation:

Which of the following is not a statement of Dalton's atomic theory of matter?

a. Elements are made of atoms. TRUE. An atom is the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist.

b. Atoms of a given element are identical. TRUE. The only slight difference is in the mass of isotopes.

c. The atoms of one element can be identical to the atoms of another element. FALSE. The atoms of different elements are different from one to another.

d. A given compound always has the same number and kinds of atoms. TRUE. This is known as Dalton's law of constant composition.

3 0

2 years ago

What substances decrease the h+ ion concentration in a solution?

marusya05 [52]

Acid is 1. a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
2. removes hydroxide ions because of the tendency for H+ to combine with OH-

6 0

2 years ago

Which half-reaction correctly represents oxidation?

Leokris [45]

Answer: $Mg\rightarrow Mg^{2+}+2e^-$ represents oxidation.

Explanation:

Oxidation-reduction reaction or redox reaction is defined as the reaction in which oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously.

Oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons. The oxidation state of the substance increases.

Example: $Mg\rightarrow Mg^{2+}+2e^-$

Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons. The oxidation state of the substance gets reduced.

Example: $Mg^{2+}+2e^-\rightarrow Mg$

$Mg\rightarrow Mg^{2+}+2e^-$ represents oxidation.

4 0

2 years ago