A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.
Average speed = (total distance covered) / (time to cover the distance)
total distance covered = (4km + 2km + 1km) = 7 km
time to cover the distance = (32min + 22min + 16min) = 70 min
Average speed = (7 km) / (70 min)
Average speed = 0.1 km/minute
The final velocity (
) of the first astronaut will be greater than the <em>final velocity</em> of the second astronaut (
) to ensure that the total initial momentum of both astronauts is equal to the total final momentum of both astronauts <em>after throwing the ball</em>.
The given parameters;
- Mass of the first astronaut, = m₁
- Mass of the second astronaut, = m₂
- Initial velocity of the first astronaut, = v₁
- Initial velocity of the second astronaut, = v₂ > v₁
- Mass of the ball, = m
- Speed of the ball, = u
- Final velocity of the first astronaut, =

- Final velocity of the second astronaut, =

The final velocity of the first astronaut relative to the second astronaut after throwing the ball is determined by applying the principle of conservation of linear momentum.

if v₂ > v₁, then
, to conserve the linear momentum.
Thus, the final velocity (
) of the first astronaut will be greater than the <em>final velocity</em> of the second astronaut (
) to ensure that the total initial momentum of both astronauts is equal to the total final momentum of both astronauts after throwing the ball.
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