(1)
Troposphere – This is the densest layer and where weather events occur
Stratosphere – This is where the ozone layer is found. Some high altitude aircraft cruise in this layer.
Mesosphere – Temperatures drop with altitude in this layer
Thermosphere – This is where most of the meteorites that enter the earth’s atmosphere burn up. This layer takes up most of the Uv and X-rays from the sun. Most satellites orbiting earth are in this layer
Exosphere – almost akin to space due to the thinness of the layer. Molecules in the layer often escape into space
(2)
A ‘pause’ is a transition between the above-mentioned distinct layers. The tropopause, for example, occurs between the troposphere and the stratosphere and the stratopause between the stratosphere and mesosphere and thermopause is found between thermosphere and exosphere.
(3)
A temperature inversion is a rise in temperatures with altitude in a layer in the atmosphere. One layer exhibiting temperature inversion is the stratosphere. This is due to the ozone layer that absorbs UV light. The upper ozone absorbs most of the UV light, than lower ozone, exciting the molecules and making the higher altitudes in the layer to be warmer.
(4)
The ozone layer protects life on earth from the high energy UV radiation from the sun. UV is capable of causing double-stranded break on DNA resulting in genetic mutations on organisms. Most of these would be lethal. The Ozone absorbs most of the UV before it reaches earth's surface. Ozone is formed when an oxygen molecule reacts with another oxygen atom to form an O₃. The oxygen atoms are made from the splitting of an oxygen molecule by UV light.
Learn More:
For more on the atmosphere check out;
brainly.com/question/13633485
brainly.com/question/2846796
#LearnWithBrainly
Answer:
38 ATP
Explanation:
On complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP. Break up of energy production is given below:
- During glycolysis 2 ATP and 2 NADH is produced.
- During formation of Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH is produced.
- During Citric Acid Cycle, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂ are produced.
Finally during Electron transport chain, reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH₂ oxidised to release ATP. Each NADH produce 3ATP and each FADH₂ produces 2 ATP. Altogether 10 NADH is produced during entire process of cellular respiration which yield 30 ATP and 2 FADH₂ yields 4 ATP. Therefore, on complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP.
Answer;
ADP
Explanation;
-ATP molecule actsas the major energy molecule used by the cells. ATP synthase located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, catalyses the formation of ATP, as a result of protons concentration gradient.
-The enzyme generates ATP from adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate through a process called oxidative phosphorylation, which is the process by which enzymes oxidize nutrients to form ATP.
The survival of every ecosystem is dependent on the producers<span>. Without </span>producer s<span>capturing the energy from the sun and turning it into glucose, an ecosystem could not exist. On </span>land,plants<span> are the dominant </span>producers<span>. Phytoplankton, tiny photosynthetic organisms, are </span><span>the most common producers</span>
