Answer:
D. toxins
Explanation:
<u>Toxins are not microorganisms</u>, in fact they are non-living substances/chemicals which can cause infection in our body. Toxins may be produced by microorganisms but they are themselves not microorganisms. Some of the examples of toxins produced by microorganisms are botulinum toxin A, tetanus toxin A, muscarine etc.
Other options can refer to potentially infectious type of microorganisms. Option A. talks about microbes, among microbes some are pathogenic. Option B. talks about pathogenic, as the name indicates will be infectious for sure.
Option C. talks about nonpathogenic, it may be non pathogenic at a time but later on it can be pathogenic. For example: some vaccines use inactivated microbes which are non pathogenic for generating antibodies in the body but later on in the human body when they get optimum conditions for growth they can turn pathogenic and start infecting our body.
Answer:
The correct order of formation of cDNA or complementary DNA are described below.
Explanation:
The DNA that is synthesized from mRNA with the help of reverse transcriptase enzyme is known as cDNA or complementary DNA.
Formation of cDNA
Step 1 Mature RNA is isolated
Step 2 Reverse transcriptase provided with a primer,synthesize a strand of cDNA without introns.
Step 3 The mRNA is hydrolyzed by raising the pH.
Step 4 A primer site is created on the single stranded cDNA molecule.
Step 5 A complementary DNA strand is synthesized forming double stranded cDNA molecule.
Colloid is the mixture of red blood cells that is floting with plasma. This is in the body.
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