Yes, it is the power of material evidence that wins.
- Evidence used to support or refute a scientific theory or hypothesis is known as material evidence.
- Evidence is also used by scientists in various contexts, such as when they apply ideas to real-world issues.
- Whether a person accepts the data as proof depends on their presumptions or views regarding how observations relate to a theory.
- A creative hypothesis is developed by a scientist and may be refuted by testing it against evidence or established truths.
- Evidence can refute a hypothesis by demonstrating facts that are at odds with it. In contrast, the presence of evidence does not preclude the possibility of future, undiscovered evidence supporting the idea.
Therefore, it is the power of material evidence that wins, not the authority of experts that
proves an answer in Science.
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(a) One form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation is
ln(P₂/P₁) = (ΔHv/R) * (1/T₁ - 1/T₂); where in this case:
Solving for ΔHv:
- ΔHv = R * ln(P₂/P₁) / (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)
- ΔHv = 8.31 J/molK * ln(5.3/1.3) / (1/358.96 - 1/392.46)
(b) <em>Normal boiling point means</em> that P = 1 atm = 101.325 kPa. We use the same formula, using the same values for P₁ and T₁, and replacing P₂ with atmosferic pressure, <u>solving for T₂</u>:
- ln(P₂/P₁) = (ΔHv/R) * (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)
- 1/T₂ = 1/T₁ - [ ln(P₂/P₁) / (ΔHv/R) ]
- 1/T₂ = 1/358.96 K - [ ln(101.325/1.3) / (49111.12/8.31) ]
(c)<em> The enthalpy of vaporization</em> was calculated in part (a), and it does not vary depending on temperature, meaning <u>that at the boiling point the enthalpy of vaporization ΔHv is still 49111.12 J/molK</u>.
Molality is defined as 1 mole of a solute in 1 kg of solvent.
Molality=
Number of moles of solute, n=
Given mass of the nitrobenzene=0.2 g
Molar mass of the substance= 123.06 g mol⁻¹
Number of moles of nitrobenzene,
Number of moles of nitrobenzene, n= 0.0016 mol
Mass of 10.9 g of naphthalene in kg=0.0109
Molality= 0.146 m
Answer:
The correct answer is: <em>They each partially describe the bonding in a molecule.</em>
Explanation:
Some chemical molecules cannot be described completely by using only one Lewis structure. In these cases, we can describe the molecule by drawing 2 or more Lewis structures, and the structures are called <u>resonance structures</u>. The overall molecular structure is explained by all the resonance structures together. So, they each describe the bonding in the molecule only partially.
Answer: Group 1 would have the lowest electronegativity values.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons. It is also synonymous with the oxidizing ability or non-metallic character of elements.
Generally, across a given period from left to right, electronegativity increases due to increasing nuclear charge and decreasing atomic radius ( or atomic size ). This is because there is a greater tendency for a smaller atom with higher nuclear attraction to attract electrons than a larger atom with a lower nuclear attraction due to the shielding effect of the nuclear attraction by the inner shell electrons on the outermost electrons in the larger atom.
Also, down a particular group, electronegativity generally decreases due to increasing atomic radius/size.
This is why metals are generally electropositive ( lose electrons ) and non-metals are electronegative ( gain electrons ) as they are both found more on the left and right sides of the periodic table respectively.
