D) increased breathing rate for a shorter period of time
Rita carrying a pepper spray in her handbag is trying to fullfill SAFETY NEEDS according to maslow's hierarchy of needs. Safety needs are protection from elements, security, order, law and stability. This law is an actual fact because people are rational and in need of protection.
It should last 2 hours to the max 30 to the mimimum because your loosing waighting I mean if you take one step you're gonna loose a calorie