Option d) abstraction is the correct answer.
Abstraction is the process of taking away or removing characteristics from something in order to reduce it to a set of essential characteristics. In object-oriented programming, abstraction is one of three central principles Through this process, a programmer hides all but the relevant data about an object in order to reduce complexity and increase efficiency.
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Answer: Tension = 47.8N, Δx = 11.5×
m.
Tension = 95.6N, Δx = 15.4×
m
Explanation: A speed of wave on a string under a tension force can be calculated as:

is tension force (N)
μ is linear density (kg/m)
Determining velocity:


0.0935 m/s
The displacement a pulse traveled in 1.23ms:


Δx = 11.5×
With tension of 47.8N, a pulse will travel Δx = 11.5×
m.
Doubling Tension:



|v| = 0.1252 m/s
Displacement for same time:


15.4×
With doubled tension, it travels
15.4×
m
I don’t know because it’s very difficult