Answer:a
a) Vo/Vi = - 3.4
b) Vo/Vi = - 14.8
c) Vo/Vi = - 1000
Explanation:
a)
R1 = 17kΩ
for ideal op-amp
Va≈Vb=0 so Va=0
(Va - Vi)/5kΩ + (Va -Vo)/17kΩ = 0
sin we know Va≈Vb=0
so
-Vi/5kΩ + -Vo/17kΩ = 0
Vo/Vi = - 17k/5k
Vo/Vi = -3.4
║Vo/Vi ║ = 3.4 ( negative sign phase inversion)
b)
R2 = 74kΩ
for ideal op-amp
Va≈Vb=0 so Va=0
so
(Va-Vi)/5kΩ + (Va-Vo)74kΩ = 0
-Vi/5kΩ + -Vo/74kΩ = 0
Vo/Vi = - 74kΩ/5kΩ
Vo/Vi = - 14.8
║Vo/Vi ║ = 14.8 ( negative sign phase inversion)
c)
Also for ideal op-amp
Va≈Vb=0 so Va=0
Now for position 3 we apply nodal analysis we got at position 1
(Va - Vi)/5kΩ + (Va - Vo)/5000kΩ = 0 ( 5MΩ = 5000kΩ )
so
-Vi/5kΩ + -Vo/5000kΩ = 0
Vo/Vi = - 5000kΩ/5kΩ
Vo/Vi = - 1000
║Vo/Vi ║ = 1000 ( negative sign phase inversion)
Answer:
Explanation:
A smaller clearance volume means a higher compression. A higher compression means better thermal efficiency. However a compression ratio too high might be troublesome, as it can cause accidental ignition of the fuel-air mix. This is the reason why Otto cycle engines have lower compressions that Diesel engines. In a Diesel engine the mix ignites by compression instead of a spark.
Answer:
As we know that every molecule is attached by a strong force .The force required to disassemble the atoms is know as atomic binding force or we can say that the force required to disassemble the electron from atoms is known as binding force.On the other hand the energy require to doing this is known as atomic binding energy.
If the binding force is high then it will become difficult to disassemble thermally as well as mechanically.So we can say that it have direct relationship with materials strength and thermal stability.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Solution:-
- The shell and tube heat exchanger are designated by the order of tube and shell passes.
- A single tube pass: The fluid enters from inlet, exchange of heat, the fluid exits.
- A multiple tube pass: The fluid enters from inlet, exchange of heat, U bend of the fluid, exchange of heat, .... ( nth order of pass ), and then exits.
- By increasing the number of passes we have increased the "retention time" of a specific volume of tube fluid; hence, providing sufficient time for the fluid to exchange heat with the shell fluid.
- By making more U-turns we are allowing greater length for the fluid flow to develop with " constriction and turns " into turbulence. This turbulence usually at the final passes allows mixing of fluid and increases the heat transfer coefficient by:
U ∝ v^( 0.8 ) .... ( turbulence )
- The higher the velocity of the fluids the greater the heat transfer coefficient. The increase in the heat transfer coefficient will allow less heat energy carried by either of the fluids to be wasted ; hence, reduced losses.
Thereby, increases the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger ( higher NTU units ).