The outermost energy shell of an atom
because they are involved in forming bonds
Q1. Chemical, Physical, Physical, Physical
(l am not 100% sure about the 4th answer)
Q2. All of the above
<span> iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and hassium (Hs). They are all transition metals.</span>
Atmosphere. You can think of the atmosphere as the outer shell for earth.
Answer:
Gd(g) →
,
→
,
→ 
Explanation:
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.
The first ionization energy is the energy required to remove the valence electron(outermost) from a neutral atom:
Gd(g)→ 
The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove next/second electron from
ion. The second ionization energy is always higher than the first:
(g) → 
The third ionization energy is the energy required to remove third electron from
ion:
(g) →