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2 years ago

Arrange the compounds by their reactivity toward electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Chemistry

1 answer:

swat322 years ago

4 0

Answer:

The order of reactivity towards electrophilic susbtitution is shown below:

a. anisole > ethylbenzene>benzene>chlorobenzene>nitrobenzene

b. p-cresol>p-xylene>toluene>benzene

c.Phenol>propylbenzene>benzene>benzoic acid

d.p-chloromethylbenzene>p-methylnitrobenzene> 2-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene> 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene

Explanation:

Electron donating groups favor the electrophilic substitution reactions at ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.

For example: -OH, -OCH3, -NH2, Alkyl groups favor electrophilic aromatic substitution in benzene.

The -I (negative inductive effect) groups, electron-withdrawing groups deactivate the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Examples: -NO2, -SO3H, halide groups, Carboxylic acid groups, carbonyl gropus.

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Consider the insoluble compound silver bromide , AgBr . The silver ion also forms a complex with ammonia . Write a balanced net

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Answer:

- $AgBr(s)+2NH_3(aq)\rightleftharpoons Ag(NH_3)_2^+(aq)+Br^-(aq)$

- $K=1.2x10^{-5}$

Explanation:

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In this case, by considering the dissolution of silver bromide:

$AgBr(s)\rightleftharpoons Ag^+(aq)+Br^-(aq) \ \ \ Ksp=[Ag^+][Br^-]=7.7x10^{-13}$

And the formation of the complex:

$Ag^+(aq)+2NH_3(aq)\rightleftharpoons Ag(NH_3)_2^+(aq)\ \ \ Kf=\frac{[Ag(NH_3)_2^+]}{[Ag^+][NH_3]^2}=1.6x10^7$

We obtain the balanced net ionic equation by adding the aforementioned equations:

$AgBr(s)+Ag^+(aq)+2NH_3(aq)\rightleftharpoons Ag(NH_3)_2^+(aq)+Br^-(aq)+Ag^+(aq)\\\\AgBr(s)+2NH_3(aq)\rightleftharpoons Ag(NH_3)_2^+(aq)+Br^-(aq)$

Now, the equilibrium constant is obtained by writing the law of mass action for the non-simplified net ionic equation:

$AgBr(s)+Ag^+(aq)+2NH_3(aq)\rightleftharpoons Ag(NH_3)_2^+(aq)+Br^-+Ag^+\\\\K=[Ag^+][Br^-]*\frac{[Ag(NH_3)_2^+]}{[Ag^+][NH_3]^2}$

So we notice that the equilibrium constant contains the solubility constant and formation constant for the initial reactions:

$K=Ksp*Kf=7.7x10^{-13}*1.6x10^{7}\\\\K=1.2x10^{-5}$

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drek231 [11]

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