1. why is HCl not a good choice as the acid to catalyze a dehydration reaction?
1 answer:
Answer:
1) HCl contains the Cl^- which is a good nucleophile
2) 2-methyl-2- heptanol > 2-heptanol > 1-heptanol
3) see image attached
Explanation:
If the dehydration of alcohols is carried out using HCl, the chloride ion which is a good nucleophile will attack the substrate to yield an undesirable product.
The dehydration of alcohols is an E1 reaction. Recall that the ease of E1 reaction increases in the order 3°> 2°> 1°. Hence, 2-methyl-2- heptanol forms a tertiary carbocation intermediate during dehydration and has the greatest ease of dehydration.
The three products formed during the dehydration of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol are shown in the image attached. Two out of the three are formed by rearrangement reactions.
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density of the material = specific gravity * density of water
density of gold = 19.3 * 1 g/mL = 19.3 g/mL
density = mass / volume ==> Volume = mass / density
Volume = 0.4 kg * 1000 g/kg / 19.3 g/mL = 20.725 mL
Length of one side of the cube =
Pass cm to inches
2.75 cm * 1 inch / 2.54 cm = 1.08 inch