This is the formula for computing the required rate of return in a market: E(R)<span> = Rf + ß( R<span>market </span>- R<span>f </span>). This is called as the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The E(R) represents the required rate of return; the Rf is the risk-free rate; the </span>ß is the beta coefficient (which we are looking for); and the Rmarket is the rate of return on the market. Substituting the values to this formula, you can come up with the beta coefficient of 1.4.
Photonic molecules are a theoretical natural form of matter which can also be made artificially in which photons bind together to form "molecules". Photonic molecules are formed when individual (massless) photons "interact with each other so strongly that they act as though they have mass".
