All had territory under german control by the end of 1940.
Parma and paincho are systems of cooperation because they both allow for social social interaction that allows individuals to cooperate in meeting each other's needs.
In short, parma and paincho mean "give and borrow (or borrow)." Paincho refers to goods and parma to services. they work in a society where people in need of a good (like food, clothing, money, etc.) or some service can ask these things from individuals who are not in need who can give or donate these factors or charge any cost or interest needy, just stipulating a date for the loan to be repaid.
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Explanation: Slavery, as a theory, had been a commonly accepted European practice long before the exploration of the New World. Drawing on ancient Greek and Roman history, pro-slavery defenders noted that enslaving prisoners of war was an acceptable alternative to execution—once an enemy had surrendered, it was believed to be the victor’s right to claim the life of their enemy through death or enslavement. Hence, when the Portuguese slave traders started exploring the coast of Africa where it was customary for warring indigenous tribes to enslave each other, they began to buy these slaves for export to the New World colonies. Other pro-slavery advocates argued that it was their mission to convert African non-Christians (whom they referred to as “heathens”) to Christianity and that slavery allowed them to do this more effectively.
