No. Ionic bonds form when atoms with opposite charges bond with one another. Atoms develop charges by gaining or losing electrons. For a given element, the atoms will (usually) have a tendency to gain OR lose a particular number of electrons, so they can only form ions of a particular charge that is either positive or negative.
I will try to answer at the best of my ability.
She may have Gastritis.
I hope this helps, and if it is wrong, I am truly sorry.
Genetic Engineering is the main technology used by humans to influence traits in plants and animals. Humans have used technology to manipulate genes through genetic modification, genetic therapy, selective breeding, and animal husbandry. Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) are the result of humans utilizing technology for gene manipulation.
Because there is only a finite amount of energy. Energy is lost between each trophic stage. The top predator would gain the least amount of energy, shared between the least amount of organisms within the predator species. Typically there just aren't any other animals that can kill and eat the top predator, but there also wouldn't be enough of the top predator to eat so any species above them would quickly die out.
