Answer:

Explanation:
The system ball-pin is modelled by the Principle of Moment Conservation:

The velocity of the bowling ball after the collision is:

How many atoms are in something determines it "mass"
Yes dams are made wider at the bottom because the pressure of the water pressure is greater there
Momentum is a property of moving objects but not stationary objects. You can see this in the formula because momentum equals mass times velocity squared (p=m*v^2). You would not have momentum if you didn't have velocity. Stationary objects have potential energy, and things with potential energy do not have velocity. This is why momentum is a property of moving objects but not of stationary objects.