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attashe74 [19]
2 years ago
12

Define mass number of an atom.​

Chemistry
1 answer:
Georgia [21]2 years ago
6 0
The mass number of an atom is basically the total number of protons and neutrons.
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Limitations of Lewis dot structure
WARRIOR [948]

Answer:

Limitations of Lewis structures: resonance structures and violations of the octet rule (odd electron, hypovalent and hypervalent molecules). (1) Shapes of simple molecules with “central” atoms. (2) Configuration: the position of atoms in space about a central atom. The VSEPR theory of configuration.

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2 years ago
What could cause an error DNA in replication
Nana76 [90]

NOTICE: There are attachments attached to this answer that is mentioned  in each paragraph!

We frequently see DNA replication as a well-organized, methodical process, much like a production line. It's not. For the DNA polymerase to read it, the DNA must not lie in a straight line and must be in motion, not static. It is curled and twisted. First, realize that this is a molecular issue. Bacteria lack neurons, cannot "think," and cannot make decisions. Everything is a chemical reaction, and chemical reactions frequently depend on one concentration's osmotic pressure being higher than another, both inside the cell and outside. Even at that level, there is a lot of "nothing," albeit nothing is empty. For a better understanding of the environment, picture a cell as a large room filled with balls of all sizes. Each ball has a unique form and isn't spherical; some balls fit together flawlessly while others don't. This is the easiest way to conceptualize the universe of molecular chemistry. There is never "nothing" other than in space when you push your way through layers upon layers of free oxygen, free nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen dioxide, argon, methane, etc. when you walk through what we term "air."

Replication mistakes happen. Sometimes DNA polymerase enzymes add the incorrect nucleotide, too many, or too few nucleotides to a sequence. Or the DNA polymerase gets looped on the same strand, adding a few codons in a repetition before the strand slips away and it continues, or there is a tangle of crossing DNA and it jumps to the incorrect thread and back (or never), etc. In order to ensure that the bases added to a developing strand are appropriately matched with their complements, DNA polymerase enzymes are quite picky about the nucleotides they choose to use. However, these enzymes do make errors. Specifically, at a rate of around 1 per 100,000 nucleotides. Doesn't sound like much, but since each diploid cell has 6 billion base pairs, there are around 120,000 errors every cell division.

Ribosomal errors during transcription can even change the synthesis of the DNA polymerase proteins, leading to the creation of a mechanism that is already faulty. Since not all ribosomes are created equally, ribosome quality is important. Bacterial mutation rates are greater because bacterial ribosomes are less accurate and produce a lot more errors than human ribosomes. That is a benefit for simple, quickly reproducing life, which is also very vulnerable to the stresses of the molecular chemical environment. Unlike most more complex forms of life, which also have DNA repair mechanisms incorporated into the DNA polymerase, humans have these mechanisms. Some of these processes can often correct mistakes as soon as they are produced, while others can do so over time.

Regarding the pairing of C and T, etc. There are a number of balls in that room that, at first glance, appear to be identical, but if you compare two closely, you could find that one bump is larger or is located incorrectly even if it appears to be same. Proton shift is one such. Here are two instances using the purine guanine (G) and the pyrimidine thymine (T) (G). Please excuse my handwriting; I learned to type at a very young age. Shifted on the right, normal on the left. NA polymerase (as do most more complex forms of life) frequently correct mistakes as soon as they are made and others that correct mistakes later.

<em>(ATTATCHMENT #1)</em>

8 0
2 years ago
Object A has a temperature of 287 Kelvin, object B has a temperature of 374 Kelvin. In what direction will thermal energy flow?
Mashcka [7]
Thermal energy will flow from an object high temperature to an object of low one. In this case, the thermal energy will flow from object B to object A.
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Tumu’s class was given an assignment to feature a scientist that contributed to the development of the cell theory. The class de
Ad libitum [116K]

Answer: the way root cells reproduce to increase root length

Explanation:

Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchowas known as the founder of social medicine and also the father of modern pathology.

Virchow posited that all cells are gotten from already existing cells and he used this in his work towards cellular pathology, as it was made clear that diseases takes place at the cellular level. He posited that the cells that are malfunctioning cause diseases.

Based on the above analysis, the image that Tumu would most likely use in his assignment to feature Rudolf Virchow is the way root cells reproduce to increase root length.

4 0
2 years ago
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42 At standard pressure, the total amount of heat required to completely vaporize a 100. gram sample of water at its boiling poi
yan [13]

Answer:

4 is the actual answer, the other answer can eat my ...

Explanation:

The answer is 100% legit answer choice 4 not 3!!!!!!

This is because the 2260 is 10^2 and then ^3 is increased when boiling a 100 gram

4 0
3 years ago
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