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Serggg [28]
3 years ago
6

Determine which equations you would use to solve the following problem: Calculate the amount of heat needed to change 20.0 g of

ice at -10.0°C to water at 89.0°C.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Inessa [10]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Q = 4019.4 J

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of ice = 20.0 g

Initial temperature = -10°C

Final temperature = 89.0°C

Amount of heat required = ?

Solution:

specific heat capacity of ice is 2.03 J/g.°C

Formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = amount of heat absorbed or released

m = mass of given substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

ΔT = change in temperature

ΔT = T2 - T1

ΔT =  89.0°C - (-10°C)

ΔT = 99°C

Q = 20.0 g ×2.03 J/g.°C × 99°C

Q = 4019.4 J

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Assuming equal concentrations and complete dissociation, rank these aqueous solutions by their freezing points. nh4cl cobr3 k2so
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Answer: CoBr3 < K2SO4 < NH4 Cl

Justification:

1) The depression of the freezing point of a solution is a colligative property, which means that it depends on the number of particles of solute dissolved.

2) The formula for the depression of freezing point is:

ΔTf = i * Kf * m

Where i is the van't Hoof factor which accounts for the dissociation of the solute.

Kf is the freezing molal constant and only depends on the solvent

m is the molality (molal concentration).

3) Since, you are assuming equal concentrations and complete dissociation of the given solutes, the solute with more ions in the molecular formula will result  in the solution with higher depression of the freezing point (lower freezing point).

4) These are the dissociations of the given solutes:

a) NH4 Cl (s) --> NH4(+)(aq) + Cl(-) (aq) => 1 mol --> 2 moles

b) Co Br3 (s) --> Co(3+) (aq) + 3Br(-)(aq) => 1 mol --> 4 moles

c) K2SO4 (s) --> 2K(+) (aq) + SO4 (2-) (aq) => 1 mol --> 3 moles

5) So, the rank of solutions by their freezing points is:

CoBr3 < K2SO4 < NH4 Cl
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2. What ions are present in what ratio in a solution of aqueous calcium chloride?
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\mathrm{Ca}^{2+} \text { and } \mathrm{Cl} \text { - ions are present in } 1: 2 \text { ratio in a solution of aqueous calcium chloride. }

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Here in Calcium Chloride ionic bond is present in between calcium and chlorine atoms. As we know according to Octet rule calcium have two excess atoms and for matching nearest noble gas electronic configuration. It donate two electrons to gain more stability and form \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, while chlorine is deficient from one electron to meet nearest noble gas electronic configuration therefore two chlorine atoms accept excess electron from calcium individually and form two\mathrm{Cl}^{-} ions.

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