QUICK ANSWER
J.J. Thomson's cathode ray experiment was a set of three experiments that assisted in discovering electrons. He did this using a cathode ray tube or CRT. It is a vacuum sealed tube with a cathode and anode on one side.
Since Kw= [H⁺][OH⁻], and the concentration of both substances are the same, the equation is now Kw=[H⁺]²
So,
3.31x10⁻¹³ = [H⁺]²
Take the square root= 5.75x10⁻⁷
Then take the negative log to find the pH:
-log(5.75x10⁻⁷) = 6.25
Answer:
(a) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴
(b) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵
(c) sp³
(d) No valence orbital remains unhybridized.
Explanation:
<em>Consider the SCl₂ molecule. </em>
<em>(a) What is the electron configuration of an isolated S atom? </em>
S has 16 electrons. Its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴.
<em>(b) What is the electron configuration of an isolated Cl atom? </em>
Cl has 17 electrons. Its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.
<em>(c) What hybrid orbitals should be constructed on the S atom to make the S-Cl bonds in SCl₂? </em>
SCl₂ has a tetrahedral electronic geometry. Therefore, the orbital 3s hybridizes with the 3 orbitals 3 p to form 4 hybrid orbital sp³.
<em>(d) What valence orbitals, if any, remain unhybridized on the S atom in SCl₂?</em>
No valence orbital remains unhybridized.
Ca because it has a larger atomic radius.
