For a reaction to be spontaneous under standard conditions at all temperatures, the signs of ΔH° and ΔS° must be negative and positive, respectively.
<span>Gibbs free energy (G) determines if reaction will proceed
spontaneously, if </span>ΔG is negative, reaction is spontaneous.<span>
ΔG = ΔH - T·ΔS.
ΔG - changes in Gibbs free energy.
ΔH - changes in enthalpy.
ΔS - changes in entropy.
T is temperature in Kelvins.</span>
Answer: Carbon is stored in the lithosphere in both inorganic and organic forms. Inorganic deposits of carbon in the lithosphere include fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, oil shale, and carbonate based sedimentary deposits like limestone.
Explanation:
A literal equation is an equation where variables represent known values
Answer:
The main difference between the two models was about the location of the electron in an atom.
Explanation:
<u>Rutherford described that:</u>
- The electrons were outside of the nucleus.
- They were equal in number to the "positiveness" of the nucleus.
- Also, He randomly placed the negative electrons outside the nucleus.
<u>Bohr improved the Rutherford model:</u>
- Bohr placed the electrons in distinct energy levels.
- Electrons only exist in fixed orbitals (shells) and not anywhere in between.
- Each shell has a fixed energy
- Rutherford explained the nucleus of an atom, while Bohr was more into the electrons and their energy levels.
