Answer:
A) t₁ = 0.56 s t₂ =3.26 s
B) vh₁=vh₂ = 25.1 m/s
C) v₁ = 13.2 m/s v₂ = -13.2 m/s
D) v = 31. 3 m/s
E) 36.7º below horizontal.
Explanation:
A) As the only acceleration of the baseball is due to gravity, as it is constant, we can apply the kinematic equations in order to get times.
First, we can get the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity, as the movements along these directions are independent each other.
v₀ₓ = v* cos 36.7º = 31.3 m/s * cos 36.7º = 25.1 m/s
v₀y = v* sin 36.7º = 31.3 m/s * sin 36.7º = 18.7 m/s
As in the horizontal direction, movement is at constant speed, the time, at any point of the trajectory, is defined by the vertical direction.
We can apply to this direction the kinematic equation that relates the displacement, the initial velocity and time, as follows:
Δy = v₀y*t -1/2*g*t²
We can replace Δy, v₀y and g for the values given, solving a quadratic equation for t, as follows:
4.9*t²-18.7t + 9 = 0
The two solutions for t, are just the two times at which the baseball is at a height of 9.00 m above the point at which it left the bat:
t = 1.91 sec +/- 1.35 sec.
⇒ t₁ = 0.56 sec t₂= 3.26 sec.
B) As we have already told, in the horizontal direction (as gravity is always downward) the movement is along a straight path, at a constant speed, equal to the x component of the initial velocity.
⇒ vₓ = v₀ₓ = 25.1 m/s
C) In order to get the value of the vertical components at the two times that we have just found, we can apply the definition of acceleration (g in this case), solving for vfy, as follows:
vf1 = v₀y - g*t₁ = 18.7 m/s - (9.8m/s²*0.56 sec) = 13.2 m/s
vf₂ = v₀y -g*t₂ = 18.7 m/s - (9.8 m/s²*3.26 sec) = -13.2 m/s
D) In order to get the magnitude of the baseball's velocity when it returns to the level at which it left the bat, we need to know the value of the vertical component at this time.
We could do in different ways, but the easiest way is using the following kinematic equation:
vfy² - v₀y² = 2*g*Δh
If we take the upward path, we know that at the highest point, the baseball will come momentarily to an stop, so at this point, vfy = 0
We can solve for Δh, as follows:
Δh = v₀y² / (2*g) = (18.7m/s)² / 2*9.8 m/s² = 17.8 m
Now, we can use the same equation, for the downward part, knowing that after reaching to the highest point, the baseball will start to fall, starting from rest:
vfy² = 2*g*(-Δh) ⇒ vfy = -√2*g*Δh = -√348.9 = -18. 7 m/s
The horizontal component is the same horizontal component of the initial velocity:
vx = 25.1 m/s
We can get the magnitude of the baseball's velocity when it returns to the level at which it left the bat, just applying Pythagorean Theorem, as follows:
v = √(vx)² +(vfy)² = 31.3 m/s
E) The direction below horizontal of the velocity vector, is given by the tangent of the angle with the horizontal, that can be obtained as follows:
tg Ф = vfy/ vx = -18.7 / 25. 1 =- 0.745
⇒ Ф = tg⁻¹ (-0.745) = -36.7º
The minus sign tell us that the velocity vector is at a 36.7º angle below the horizontal.
