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3 years ago

What are the environmental factors that cause the formation of rust?

Engineering

1 answer:

Nostrana [21]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

Air
Water
Iron Alloys

Explanation:

Rust is quite simply hydrated Iron oxide because it is as a result of iron allows coming into contact with oxygen(air) and water.

The resulting reaction gives off rust as a product. The chemical reaction is:

4Fe + 3O₂ + 6H₂O → 4Fe(OH)₃.

You can see from above how rust is formed from Iron alloys, Oxygen and water.

As iron is a widely used components in the production of many things such as cars, rust presents a problem because in dissolving away iron, the object produced is compromised and this can lead to serious consequences if left unchecked.

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Air enters the combustor of a jet engine at p1=10 atm, T1=1000°R, and M1=0.2. Fuel is injected and burned, with a fuel/air mass

snow_lady [41]

Answer:

M2 = 0.06404

P2 = 2.273

T2 = 5806.45°R

Explanation:

Given that p1 = 10atm, T1 = 1000R, M1 = 0.2.

Therefore from Steam Table, Po1 = (1.028)*(10) = 10.28 atm,

To1 = (1.008)*(1000) = 1008 ºR

R = 1716 ft-lb/slug-ºR cp= 6006 ft-lb/slug-ºR fuel-air ratio (by mass)

F/A =???? = FA slugf/slugaq = 4.5 x 108ft-lb/slugfx FA slugf/sluga = (4.5 x 108)FA ft-lb/sluga

For the air q = cp(To2– To1)

(Exit flow – inlet flow) – choked flow is assumed For M1= 0.2

Table A.3 of steam table gives P/P* = 2.273,

T/T* = 0.2066,

To/To* = 0.1736 To* = To2= To/0.1736 = 1008/0.1736 = 5806.45 ºR Gives q = cp(To* - To) = (6006 ft-lb/sluga-ºR)*(5806.45 – 1008)ºR = 28819500 ft-lb/slugaSetting equal to equation 1 above gives 28819500 ft-lb/sluga= FA*(4.5 x 108) ft-lb/slugaFA =

F/A = 0.06404 slugf/slugaor less to prevent choked flow at the exit

5 0

3 years ago

A well-designed product will increase?

Colt1911 [192]

Answer:

true

Explanation:

A well designed product will increase in sells and in stock.

8 0

2 years ago

A stomp rocket is a toy consisting of a hose connected to a blast pad (i.e., an air bladder) at one end and to a short pipe moun

lesya [120]

Answer:

Explanation:

The detailed steps is as shown in the attachment.

8 0

3 years ago

A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat- regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters th

trasher [3.6K]

Answer:

flow(m) = 54.45 kg/s

thermal efficiency u = 44.48%

Explanation:

Given:

- P_1 = P_8 = 10 KPa

- P_2 = P_3 = P_6 = P_7 = 800 KPa

- P_4 = P_5 = 10,000 KPa

- T_5 = 550 C

- T_7 = 500 C

- Power Output P = 80 MW

Find:

- The mass flow rate of steam through the boiler

- The thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Solution:

State 1:

P_1 = 10 KPa , saturated liquid

h_1 = 192 KJ/kg

v_1 = 0.00101 m^3 / kg

State 2:

P_2 = 800 KPa , constant volume process work done:

h_2 = h_1 + v_1 * ( P_2 - P_1)

h_2 = 192 + 0.00101*(790) = 192.80 KJ/kg

State 3:

P_3 = 800 KPa , saturated liquid

h_3 = 721 KJ/kg

v_3 = 0.00111 m^3 / kg

State 4:

P_4 = 10,000 KPa , constant volume process work done:

h_4 = h_3 + v_3 * ( P_4 - P_3)

h_4 = 721 + 0.00111*(9200) = 731.21 KJ/kg

State 5:

P_5 = 10,000 KPa , T_5 = 550 C

h_5 = 3500 KJ/kg

s_5 = 6.760 KJ/kgK

State 6:

P_6 = 800 KPa , s_5 = s_6 = 6.760 KJ/kgK

h_6 = 2810 KJ/kg

State 7:

P_7 = 800 KPa , T_7 = 500 C

h_7 = 3480 KJ/kg

s_7 = 7.870 KJ/kgK

State 8:

P_8 = 10 KPa , s_8 = s_7 = 7.870 KJ/kgK

h_8 = 2490 KJ/kg

- Fraction of steam y = flow(m_6 / m_3).

- Use energy balance of steam bleed and cold feed-water:

E_6 + E_2 = E_3

flow(m_6)*h_6 + flow(m_2)*h_3 = flow(m_3)*h_3

y*h_6 + (1-y)*h_3 = h_3

y*2810 + (1-y)*192.8 = 721

Compute y: y = 0.2018

- Heat produced by the boiler q_b:

q_b = h_5 - h_4 +(1-y)*(h_7 - h_8)

q_b = 3500 -731.21 + ( 1 - 0.2018)*(3480 - 2810)

Compute q_b: q_b = 3303.58 KJ/ kg

-Heat dissipated by the condenser q_c:

q_c = (1-y)*(h_8 - h_1)

q_c= ( 1 + 0.2018)*(2810 - 192)

Compute q_c: q_c = 1834.26 KJ/ kg

- Net power output w_net:

w_net = q_b - q_c

w_net = 3303.58 - 1834.26

w_net = 1469.32 KJ/kg

- Given out put P = 80,000 KW

flow(m) = P / w_net

compute flow(m) flow(m) = 80,000 /1469.32 = 54.45 kg/s

- Thermal efficiency u:

u = 1 - (q_c / q_b)

u = 1 - (1834.26/3303.58)

u = 44.48 %

5 0

3 years ago

You are given a body with no body forces and told that the stress state is given as: ⎡ ⎣ 3αx 5βx2 + αy γz3 5βx2 + αy βx2 0 γz3 0

Lady bird [3.3K]

Answer:

This doesn't represent an equilibrium state of stress

Explanation:

∝ = 1 , β = 1 , y = 1

x = 0 , y = 0 , z = 0 ( body forces given as 0 )

Attached is the detailed solution is and also the conditions for equilibrium

for a stress state to be equilibrium all three conditions has to meet the equilibrum condition as explained in the attached solution

5 0

3 years ago