Step one: Identify reactants and products and place them in a word equation.
Step two: Convert the chemical names into chemical formulas. Place them based on the chemical equation and write the state symbols.
Step three: balance the chemical equation.
Since the half-reaction is occurring in a basic solution, add 32OH− to each side of the equation to eliminate the H+ ions.
P₄ +16H₂O + 32OH⁻ ⟶ 4PO₃⁻⁴ + 32H⁺ +32OH⁻
Final reaction :
P₄ + 32OH⁻ ⟶ 4PO₃⁻⁴ + 16H₂O + 20e⁻
A half reaction is either the oxidation or reduction reaction component of a redox reaction. A half reaction is obtained by considering the change in oxidation states of individual substances involved in the redox reaction.
The concept of half-reactions is used to describe what occurs in an electrochemical cell, such as a Galvanic cell battery. Half-reactions can be written to describe both the metal undergoing oxidation (known as the anode) and the metal undergoing reduction (known as the cathode).
Half-reactions are often used as a method of balancing redox reactions. For oxidation-reduction reactions in acidic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, one will need to add H+ ions to balance the hydrogen ions in the half reaction.
For oxidation-reduction reactions in basic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, first treat it as an acidic solution and then add OH- ions to balance the H+ ions in the half reactions (which would give H2O).
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PH= -log [H+]
= - (log 0.034)
= - (-1.5)
= 1.5
Answer: All options (I, II, III, IV, V)
Explanation: The answer is all options because they never reach equilibrium or intersect at a region as the both decrease at the same rate.
Answer:
volume is equal to the mass divided by the density (V = M/d).
