When it comes to optics, Snell's law is the basic formula to be used. If you notice, when light hits the water, the light does not travel in the same direction. After, it hits the water, it changes in angle. Light becomes refracted. This is observed when your hands tend to become bigger if you place it underwater. The formula for Snell's Law is
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂sin θ₂, where n is the index of refraction. This depends on the type of medium. For example, for air, n=1. The parameters θ₁ is the angle of incidence, and θ₂ is the angle of refraction. Critical angle is the incident angle needed so that the refract angle is 90°. So, modifying the equation:
n₁ sin θcrit = n₂sin 90°, since sin 90°=1,
sin θcrit = n₂/n₁
θcrit = sin ⁻¹ (n₂/n₁)
Since liquid comes first before glass, n₁=1.75 and n₂=1.52. Substituting,
θcrit = sin ⁻¹ (1.52/1.75)
θcrit = 60.29°
The velocity of the ball when it was caught is 12.52 m/s.
<em>"Your question is not complete it seems to be missing the following, information"</em>,
find the velocity of the ball when it was caught.
The given parameters;
maximum height above the ground reached by the ball, H = 38 m
height above the ground where the ball was caught, h = 30 m
The height traveled by the ball when it was caught is calculated as follows;
y = H - h
y = 38 - 30 = 8 m
The velocity of the ball when it was caught is calculated as;

Thus, the velocity of the ball when it was caught is 12.52 m/s.
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