In the case of the liquid meniscus, a concave meniscus that is what one usually observes takes place when the molecules of the liquid are fascinated towards the container. This takes place with water and a glass tube. A convex meniscus takes place when the molecules exhibit a stronger attraction with each other in comparison to the container, as in the case of glass and mercury.
The shape of the liquid meniscus is determined by the relative magnitudes of the cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and its container.
Answer:
11.8.4 Distillation Columns
Distillation columns present a hazard in that they contain large inventories of flammable boiling liquid, usually under pressure. There are a number of situations which may lead to loss of containment of this liquid.
The conditions of operation of the equipment associated with the distillation column, particularly the reboiler and bottoms pump, are severe, so that failure is more probable.
The reduction of hazard in distillation columns by the limitation of inventory has been discussed above. A distillation column has a large input of heat at the reboiler and a large output at the condenser. If cooling at the condenser is lost, the column may suffer overpressure. It is necessary to protect against this by higher pressure design, relief valves, or HIPS. On the other hand, loss of steam at the reboiler can cause underpressure in the column. On columns operating at or near atmospheric pressure, full vacuum design, vacuum breakers, or inert gas injection is needed for protection. Deposition of flammable materials on packing surfaces has led to many fires on opening of distillation column for maintenance.
Another hazard is overpressure due to heat radiation from fire. Again pressure relief devices are required to provide protection.
The protection of distillation columns is one of the topics treated in detail in codes for pressure relief such as APIRP 521. Likewise, it is one of the principal applications of trip systems.
Another quite different hazard in a distillation column is the ingress of water. The rapid expansion of the water as it flashes to steam can create very damaging overpressures.
Answer:
i think its cystic fibrosis
Explanation:
im so sorry if this is wrong
<span>The energy (E) per photon is expressed by Planck's equation: E = hf, where f is
the frequency and h is Planck's constant, experimentally determined to be
6.625 * 10**-34 joule-seconds. So to find E, we multiply h by the frequency
and obtain E = hf = (6.625 * 10**-34)(7.0 * 10**14) = 46.375 * 10**-20 joule
or in standard notation, E = 4.6375 * 10**-19 joule per photon.
Hope this answers your question.Sorry if I calculated wrong.</span>
Answer:
b,d,f
Explanation:your welcome give brainilest
