Answer:
a) t = 3.35[s]; b) t = 1.386[s]
Explanation:
We can solve this problem by dividing it into two parts, for the first 55 [m] and then the second part with the remaining 55 [m].
We will take the initial velocity as zero, as the problem does not mention that the Rock was thrown at initial velocity.
And using kinematics equations:
![v_{f}^{2}= v_{o}^{2}+2*g*y\\where:\\v_{o}=0\\g=gravity = 9.81[m/s^2]\\y=55 [m]\\v_{f}^{2}=0+2*9.81*55\\v_{f}=\sqrt{2*9.81*55} \\v_{f}=32.85[m/s]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_%7Bf%7D%5E%7B2%7D%3D%20v_%7Bo%7D%5E%7B2%7D%2B2%2Ag%2Ay%5C%5Cwhere%3A%5C%5Cv_%7Bo%7D%3D0%5C%5Cg%3Dgravity%20%3D%209.81%5Bm%2Fs%5E2%5D%5C%5Cy%3D55%20%5Bm%5D%5C%5Cv_%7Bf%7D%5E%7B2%7D%3D0%2B2%2A9.81%2A55%5C%5Cv_%7Bf%7D%3D%5Csqrt%7B2%2A9.81%2A55%7D%20%5C%5Cv_%7Bf%7D%3D32.85%5Bm%2Fs%5D)
Now we can calculate the time:
![v_{f}=v_{o}+g*t\\t=\frac{v_{f}-v_{o}}{g}\\ t=\frac{32.85-0}{9.81}\\ t=3.35[s]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_%7Bf%7D%3Dv_%7Bo%7D%2Bg%2At%5C%5Ct%3D%5Cfrac%7Bv_%7Bf%7D-v_%7Bo%7D%7D%7Bg%7D%5C%5C%20t%3D%5Cfrac%7B32.85-0%7D%7B9.81%7D%5C%5C%20t%3D3.35%5Bs%5D)
Now we can calculate the second time, but using as a initial velocity 32.85[m/s].
The final velocity will be:
![v_{f}^{2}= v_{o}^{2}+2*g*y\\v_{f}=\sqrt{v_{o}^{2}+2*g*y} \\v_{f}=\sqrt{32.85^{2}+2*9.81*55 } \\v_{f}=46.45[m/s]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_%7Bf%7D%5E%7B2%7D%3D%20v_%7Bo%7D%5E%7B2%7D%2B2%2Ag%2Ay%5C%5Cv_%7Bf%7D%3D%5Csqrt%7Bv_%7Bo%7D%5E%7B2%7D%2B2%2Ag%2Ay%7D%20%5C%5Cv_%7Bf%7D%3D%5Csqrt%7B32.85%5E%7B2%7D%2B2%2A9.81%2A55%20%7D%20%5C%5Cv_%7Bf%7D%3D46.45%5Bm%2Fs%5D)
Now we can calculate the second time:
![t=\frac{46.45-32.85}{9.81} \\t= 1.386[s]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%3D%5Cfrac%7B46.45-32.85%7D%7B9.81%7D%20%5C%5Ct%3D%201.386%5Bs%5D)
Note: The reason the second time is shorter even though it is the same distance is that the acceleration of gravity increases the speed of the rock more and more as it falls.
As stated, the impulse and momentum definitions will be used to later find the value of time through the force of gravity. According to the theory, the impulse formula is given as,

Here,
F = Force
Change in time
Now using the impulse theorem we have that,
Change in Impulse = Change in momentum
(1)
The change in momentum is given as



The force due to gravity is through the Newton's second law

Here,
m = mass
g = Acceleration due to gravity
Substitute the value in (1)




Therefore it will take 0.51s.
Answer:
The cyclist with the greatest average speed is Cyclist 4 with average speed of 4.5 m/s
Explanation:
Given;
Cyclist 1 travels 9 m in 27 s
Cyclist 2 travels 87 m in 22 s
Cyclist 3 travels 106 m in 26 s
Cyclist 4 travels 108 m in 24 s
Determine the average speed of the cyclists as follows;
Average speed of Cyclist 1: v = 9/27 = 0.33 m/s
Average speed of Cyclist 2: v = 87/22 = 3.96 m/s
Average speed of Cyclist 3: v = 106/26 = 4.08 m/s
Average speed of Cyclist 4: v = 108/24 = 4.5 m/s
Therefore, the cyclist with the greatest average speed is Cyclist 4 with average speed of 4.5 m/s