Manganese has 2 (two) electron that would free floating and able to form a metallic bond.
The electronic configuration of manganese is (Ar) 3d5 4s2. The two electron in 4s orbital are the valence electron which can freely move from one place to another.
The first law of thermodynamics can be written as

where

is the variation of internal energy of the system

is the amount of heat absorbed by the system

is the work done by the system on the surrounding.
Using this form, the sign convention for Q and W becomes:
Q > 0 --> heat absorbed by the system (because it increases the internal energy)
Q < 0 --> heat released by the system (because it decreases the internal energy)
W > 0 --> work done by the system (for instance, an expansion: when the system expands, it does work on the surrounding, and so the internal energy decreases, this is why there is a negative sign in the formula Q-W)
W < 0 --> work done by the surrounding on the system (for instance, a compression: when the system is compressed, the surrounding is doing work on the system, and so the internal energy of the system increases)
Answer:
Option D is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Since value of angular acceleration is constant, the body has only centripetal acceleration.
Centripetal acceleration

We have radius = 7.112 cm = 0.07112 m
Frequency, f = 1975 rpm = 32.92 rps
Angular frequency, ω = 2πf = 2 x π x 32.92 = 206.82 rad/s
Substituting in centripetal acceleration equation,

Option D is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Load (l) = 680N
Effort (E) = 500N
Length slope (l) = 12m
Height slope (h) = 8 m
Output = load * height
680 *8 = 5.44 *103 J
The Input = effort * length = 500 *12 = 6000J
the Mechanical advantage (M.A) = load effort= 600500=1.36
the Velocity ratio (V.R) =lh=128 = 1.5
the Efficiency =M.A100%V.R= 90.6%