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guajiro [1.7K]
2 years ago
13

In which cell organelle does photosynthesis take place?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Yuliya22 [10]2 years ago
7 0

the answer for your question is Chloroplast

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Estimate the coordination number for the cations in each of these ceramic oxides and also the coordination numbers of the oxygen
Juli2301 [7.4K]

Answer:

CN cation, anion ] respectively are thus [6,4] , [2,3] ,[6,6] , [6,6] , [6,3] , [12,6,2] , [6], [6].

Explanation:

The coordination number CN is the number of ligand atoms bonded (coordinate bonds) directly to the central of the metal ion. It is not the same as the oxidation state of the metal ion or complex.

Coordination number – the number of anions surrounding the cation.

In solving for CN we need to understand Pauling's rules.

According to Linus Pauling, 1932

“Pauling’s rules” for crystal structures, makes assumptions for ionic bonding. It states that ionic structure is understood using electrostatic rules of attraction and repulsion.

Cations and anions surround each other to neutralize charge – and these one can rationalize crystal structure with coordination number.

Ratio of cationic/anionic radius

• The structure of D-Al2O3 results in coordination number of 6 and 4 for cation and anion respectively.

• The average oxygen coordination number in v-B2O3 is equal to the average cation coordination number × cation/anion ratio (2/3).

• Co-ordination number of Ca2+ ion is =6;

In CaO crystal, Ca2+ is a cation and O2- is an anion. Cationic (Ca2+) has radius 100 pm and anionic (O2-) has radius  145 pm.

Ratio of cationic/anionic radius is:

r⁺/r⁻ = 100 / 145

r⁺/r⁻ = 0.69

CaO will form FCC lattice.

Coordination number in FCC lattice is 6. Therefore CN of Ca2+ = 6.

For MgO:

r Mg2+/ r O2- = 86pm / 126 pm =0.683

The cordination number for the cation is 6. MgO with ions Mg+2 and O-2 will have a AX type stochiometry exhibiting the

crystal structure of sodium chloride.

For TiO2:

The CN of the titanium (IV) cation is 6, which is twice the CN of the oxide anion, which is 3.

This fits with the formula unit of TiO2, since there are twice as many O2− ions as Ti4+ ions.

Consequently the crystal structure of all ionic compounds reflects the formula unit.

For LaAlO3 a Cubic perovskites (ABX3)

In perovskite structures, B cations are coordinated by six X anions, while A

cations present CN = 12 (also coordinated by X anions). The X anions have CN = 2, being

coordinated by two A cations, since the distance A-O is about 40% larger than the B-O

bond distance. The correct ionic radii (rA, rB, rX), taken from one of Shannon’s work.

rA = 1.36 pm

rB = 0.535 pm

rX = 1.35 pm

Forsterite Mg2SiO4

We have mixed sites of Si4+ in tetrahedral site, Mg2+ in octahedral site, O atoms anions .

They all forms octahedral chains/strips. The CN is estimated to (6) octahedral, with an average ratio 0.414

Nickel Cobaltite Ni(Co2O4)3

bidentate ligand includes the Oxalate, three oxalate ligands form six-coordinate bonds around the Ni2+ ion.

Co-ordinate number of Nickel in [Ni(C2​O4​)3​] 4− is 3×2=6.

5 0
3 years ago
Lastly, Snape thinks we should try one more calculation. What is the retention factor if the distance traveled by the solvent fr
Neporo4naja [7]

Answer:

0.1 is the retention factor.

Explanation:

Distance covered by solvent ,d_s= 2.0 cm

Distance covered by solute or ion,d = 0.20 cm

Retention factor(R_f) is defined as ratio of distance traveled by solute to the distance traveled by solvent.

R_f=\frac{d}{d_s}

R_f=\frac{0.20 cm}{2.0 cm}=0.1

0.1 is the retention factor.

7 0
3 years ago
The name of a binary compound ends with _____.<br><br> A.-ine<br> B.-ary<br> C.-ed<br> D.-ide
inn [45]
Cant really explain, for say, but its D.-ide

gfd
gd
fg
fg
g
ds
gf
df
gd
g
7 0
3 years ago
What is another name for a coefficient? this is for chemistry
krok68 [10]

Answer:

synergistic

Explanation:

Synergistic means: relating to the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects

7 0
3 years ago
The following chemical equation is not balanced: I2 + Na2S2O3 NaI + Na2S4O6 When this chemical equation is correctly balanced, w
marshall27 [118]

Answer:

The answer is B

4 0
3 years ago
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