Create the Lewis structure of COCl2 using the following five steps. NOTE: Work only on the currently bolded step below - don't w
ork ahead to solve the final structure. Scroll down to see steps 3-5. Step 1. Count valence electrons in the molecule or ion. Do this by adding the periodic group numbers for each atom in the structure and adjusting for charge. Enter and check your answer.
Step 2. Connect each pair of bonded atoms with a single bond by dragging bonds onto the molecule. Each bond decreases the number of available electrons by 2. Check your answer.
Step 3. Drag lone pairs of electrons to each terminal atom until each has an octet of electrons, or until all electrons are used. You may remove a lone pair by clicking on it. Check your answer.
Step 4. Place remaining electrons on the central atom. If the structure is already correct, or no electrons remain, check your answer.
Step 5. Examine the structure. If the central atom has less than eight valence electrons, create multiple bonds by changing a terminal atom lone pair to a second or third bond pair. Only C, N, O, P, and S commonly make multiple bonds. If the structure is already correct, check your answer.
Particle density is the volumetric mass of the solid soil. It differs from bulk density because the volume used does not include pore spaces. Particle density represents the average density of all the minerals composing the soil.
