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nexus9112 [7]
3 years ago
11

An electron and a proton have charges of an equal magnitude but opposite sign of 1.60 x 10^-19 C. If the electron and proton in

a hydrogen atom are separated by a distance of 4.20 x10^-11 m, what are the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic force exerted on the electron by the proton?
Physics
1 answer:
ira [324]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

i. F =  1.3 x 10^{-7} N

ii. The direction of the force of attraction exerted by the proton on the electron is towards the itself (i.e a pull).

Explanation:

Since the given charges are opposite, then the force of attraction is experienced. The force of attraction between the two charges can be determined by:

F = \frac{kq_{1} q_{2} }{d^{2} }

where F is the force, k is the constant, q_{1} is the charge of the electron, q_{2} is the charge on the proton, and d is the distance between them.

So that; k = 9.0 x 10^{9} Nm^{2}C^{-2} , q_{1} = 1.6 x 10^{-19} C, q_{2} = 1.6 x

Thus,

F = \frac{9.0*10^{9}*1.6*10^{-19}*1.6*10^{-19}   }{(4.2*10^{-11}) ^{2} }

  = \frac{2.304*10^{-28} }{1.764*10^{-21} }

  = 1.3061 x 10^{-7}

F = 1.3 x 10^{-7} N

The force between the charges is 1.3 x 10^{-7} N.

ii. The direction of the force of attraction exerted by the proton on the electron is towards the itself.

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Answer:

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A point charge q1 = 3.0 µC is at the origin and a point charge q2 = 6.0 µC is on the x axis at x = 10 m.
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Answer:

a) 1.6 mN  b) -1.6 mN  c) -1.6 mN  d) 1.6 mN

Explanation:

The electrostatic force between 2 point charges, obeys the Coulomb's Law, that can be expressed as follows:

F₁₂ = k*q₁*q₂/(r₁₂)² (in magnitude)

The direction of the force, is along the  line that joins the  charges (along the x axis) and as q₁ and q₂ are of the same sign, aims away from both charges.

a) So, for the force on q₂, we have:

F₁₂ = 9*18*10⁻⁵ N = 1.6 mN (positive as it is aiming in the positive x direction)

b) The force on q1, according to Newton's 3rd Law, is just equal and opposite to the one on q2:

F₂₁ = (-9*18*10⁻⁵) N = -1.6 mN (towards the negative x direction, away from q1)

c) If q₂ were -6.0 μC, the force will be the same in magnitude, but as now both charges have different signs, they wil attract each other, so the direction of the forces will be exactly the opposite to the first case:

F₁₂ = -1.6 mN (going towards the origin, where q₁ is located)

F₂₁ =  1.6 mN (going in the positive x direction, towards q₂)

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When you attract every object in the universe with a force that is proportional to the mass of the objects and to the distance between them, we are obeying Newton's law of universal gravitation.

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