Answer:
Three proteins directly contribute to the proton gradient by moving protons across the membrane
Explanation:
The Electron transport chain is a group of proteins and molecules incrusted in the internal mitochondrial membrane and organized into four complexes, I, II, III, and IV. These complexes contain the electron transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electron transference from one complex to the other. Complex I contains the flavine mononucleotide -FMN- that receives electrons from the NADH. The coenzyme Q, located in the lipidic interior of the membrane, conducts electrons from complex I and II to complex III. The complex III contains cytochrome b, from where electrons go to cytochrome c, which is a peripheric membrane protein. Electrons travel from cytochrome c to cytochromes a and a3, located in the complex IV. Finally, they go back to the matrix, where they combine to H+ ions and oxygen, to form the water molecule. As electrons are transported through the chain, protons are bombed through three proteinic complexes from the matrix to the intermembrane space. These are complexes I, III and IV.
Answer:
its different for everyone pero probably it starts at around 13 yrs old
Explanation:
I believe it is a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, because the way i learned was that carbon hydrogen and oxygen have a ratio of 1:2:1, respectively.
Well lions already have a large variety of prey that it feeds on , however they do not eat the entire animal, they are going to have to adapt so that the can eat other things rather that just the main meat of their prey, They may need to expand where they live and be a little more resourceful
Answer:
According to wolff (German Anatomist and Surgeon),the adaptation shown by a bone in an healthy animal or human depends on the loads it bear.Therefore, changes in the structure or type load the bone bears, will lead to a corresponding change in the bone bearing the load.A practical example is the development of the bone in hand used by a professional tennis player to hold racket.The bones of this hand usually appear stronger and well developed than the other hand.
When a bony outgrowth, emerges in the mandible close to the surface of the tongue, this outgrowth is called Torus mandibularis. It is commonly found near the premolars, in a bilateral conditions. It is common among the Asian and the indigenous people of Canada, Greenland and Alaska(the Inuit).
If it is caused by bruxism (teeth grinding)This will create stress on the impacted bone.Therefore based on Wolff's theory, the impact of this local stress,(teeth grinding) may cause transformation in the shape of the part of the mandible associated with the teeth,an therefore leads to the bony outgrowth.
This theory may also be interpreted with Lamarck theory of use and disuse.
