An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of a set of point particles with random displacement, which do not interact with each other. The ideal gas concept is useful because it behaves according to the ideal gas law, a simplified equation of state, which can be analyzed using statistical mechanics.
The equation of state of a classical ideal gas is given by:
Where:
P = pressure
V = Volume
n = amount of substance
T = Temperature
R = Ideal gas constant
Answer:
a)n =7 , b) n = 5
Explanation:
The energy levels of the hydrogen atom is described by the Bohr model
= - 13.606 1/n²
This equation energy is given in elector volts and n is an integer
A transition occurs when the electro sees from a superior to a lower state
E₀ - = -13.606 (1/
² - 1/n₀²)
Let's apply this expression
n₀ = 2
Let's look for the energy of the different levels and subtract it
n₀ (eV)
1 -13,606
2 -3.4015
3 - 1.5118
4 -0.850375
5 -0.54424
6 -0.3779
7 -0.2777
The wavelength of the transition is 397 nm = 397 10⁻⁹ m
The speed of light is related to wavelength and frequency
c = λ f
The Planck equation gives the energy of a transition
E = h f
E = h c /λ
Let's calculate
E = 6.63 10⁻³⁴ 3 10⁸/397 10⁻⁹
E = 5.01 10⁻¹⁹ J
Let's reduce to eV
E = 5.01 10⁻¹⁹ J (1 eV / 1.6 10⁻¹⁹ J)
E = 3.1313 eV
Let's examine the possible transitions from the initial level ni = 2
ΔE = -
= -3.1313
En = 3.13 -3.4015
= 0.2702 eV
When examining the table we see that the level that this energy has is the level of n = 7
Part B the transition is in the infrared
The frequency is 74 10¹² Hz
We use the Planck equation
E = h f
E = 6.63 10⁻³⁴ 74 10¹²
E = 4.9062 10⁻²⁰ J
E = 4.9062 10⁻²⁰ / 1.6 10⁻¹⁹
E = 0.3066 eV
We look for the level with the energy difference
ΔE = E₄- = 0.3066
= 0.3066 - 0.85037
= -0.54376 eV
When examining the table this energy has the level n = 5, therefore from this level the transition occurs
Answer:
The potential difference through which an electron accelerates to produce x rays is .
Explanation:
It is given that,
Wavelength of the x -rays,
The energy of the x- rays is given by :
The energy of an electron in terms of potential difference is given by :
So,
V is the potential difference
e is the charge on electron
V = 12431.25 volts
or
So, the potential difference through which an electron accelerates to produce x rays is . hence, this is the required solution.