Answer:
Percentage Yield is given as,
%age Yield = Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield × 100
This shows that the %age yield is directly depending upon the actual yield. And most of the time the percentage yield is less than 100 % because of the following factors.
Impure Starting Materials:
If the starting materials (reactants) are not pure then reaction will not completely form the desired product. Different by products will form which will decrease the %age yield.
Incomplete Reactions:
Not all reactions go to completion. In many reactions the starting material after some time stops forming the product due to different conditions. Some reactions attain equilibrium and stop increasing the amount of product. While, in some reactions a by products (like water) formed often react with the product to give a reverse reactions. Hence, the chemistry of reactions also causes the decrease in %age yield.
Handling:
Another major reason for decrease in yield is handling the product. Always some of the product is lost during the workup of the reaction like, taking TLC, doing solvent extraction, doing column chromatography, taking characterization spectrums. So, we can conclude that the %age yield will always be less than 100%.
Take the attached picture of a periodic table as a guide. You are finding for a solid metal. Therefore, streamline your choices by looking at elements written in black bold letters, because they are all solid. Next, if you look at the center, the legend for metals are colors in orange, yellow, flesh, lavender, pink, and cyan blue. These region would be your choices. Next, you want to find a metal that is shiny and ductile. The shiny appearance is a common characteristic of luster by materials. Ductility is the ability of a metal to stretch when under tensile stress. These properties are best exhibited by metals in the transitions metals colored in pink. Therefore, the answer to your question would be any of the metal in the pink area. Examples are Titanium, Chromium, Gold, Silver, Platinum, Tungsten, etc.
Answer:
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Explanation:
Answer:
According to Le-chatelier principle, equilibrium will shift towards left to minimize concentration of
and keep same equilibrium constant
Explanation:
In this buffer following equilibrium exists -

So,
is involved in the above equilibrium.
When a strong base is added to this buffer, then concentration of
increases. Hence, according to Le-chatelier principle, above equilibrium will shift towards left to minimize concentration of
and keep same equilibrium constant.
Therefore excess amount of
combines with
to produce ammonia and water. So, effect of addition of strong base on pH of buffer gets minimized.