Answer:
atoms tend to react in order to gain 8 valence electrons
Explanation:
The octet rule describes the tendency of atoms of elements to react in order to have eight electrons in their valence shell. This is because having eight valence electrons confers stability to the atoms of these elements in the compounds they form.
The octet rule only does not apply to the transition elements or the inner transition elements as only the s and p electrons are involved. the electronic configuration in atoms having an octet is s²p⁶.
For example, sodium atom has one valence electron in its valence shell but a complete octet in the inner shell; it will react with chlorine atom which has seven valence electrons to form a stable compound, sodium chloride by donating its one valence electron in order to have an octet. Similarly, the chlorine atom will then have an octet by accepting the one electron from sodium atom.
Filling out the table below following the outlined order:
- Calcium - symbol = Ca; Group =2; Period = 4; Ar = 134; Am =40.078u; Ph = solid; Density = 1.55; Bp = 1757K; Mp = 1115K.
- Vanadium - symbol = V; Group =5; Period = 4; Ar = 197; Am =50.9415u; Ph = solid; Density = 6.11; Bp = 3680K; Mp = 2183K.
- Manganese - symbol = Mn; Group =7; Period = 4; Ar = 127; Am = 54.938044u; Ph = solid; Density = 7.21; Bp = 2334K; Mp = 1519K.
- Cobalt: - symbol = Co; Group =9; Period = 4; Ar = 125; Am =58.933195 u; Ph = solid; Density = 8.90; Bp = 3200K; Mp = 1768K.
- Zinc: - symbol = Zn; Group = 12; Period = 4; Ar = 134; Am =65.38 u; Ph = solid; Density = 7.14; Bp = 1180K; Mp = 692.68K.
- Arsenic: - symbol = As; Group = 15; Period = 4; Ar = 197; Am = 74.9216 u; Ph = solid; Density = 5.75; Bp = 889K; Mp = 889K.
- Bromine: - symbol = Br; Group =17; Period = 4; Ar = 120; Am = 79.904 u; Ph = Liquid; Density = 3.1028; Bp = 332K; Mp = 265K.
<h3>Meaning of Element</h3>
An element can be defined as a substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances.
An element serves as a building blocks for compounds and mixtures.
In conclusion, each element and its property as requested in the table are given above.
Learn more about element : brainly.com/question/18096867
#SPJ1
Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
Oxidation means lose of electrons and increase of positive charge so the part which oxidized in this equation is Zn(s) because it converted to Zn²⁺ (i.e. lost two electrons)
