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TPA catalysts based on tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) were produced and studied by FT-infrared, X-ray diffraction, Laser Raman, and temperature programmed ammonia desorption.
<h3>
How did Lewis acidity induced heteropoly tungstate catalysts?</h3>
Heteropoly tungstate was synthesised and spread over tin oxide containing tantalum ions in its secondary structure. Different spectroscopic approaches were used to estimate the physical and chemical characteristics of the produced compounds. The inclusion of Ta ions in heteropoly tungstate resulted in the formation of new Lewis acidic sites. These samples were evaluated for their ability to catalyse the conversion of fructose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and the selective etherification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with ethanol. The catalyst with 30% active component on SnO2 had the greatest HMF etherification activity, yielding 90% 5-ethoxymethylfurfural in 45 minutes. The catalysts were also capable of converting fructose into EMF in a single pot with a 68% yield.
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Answer:
<u>Calcium chloride does not have a covalent bond , it is an ionic bond (which means donation of electrons takes place )</u>. The charge of calcium ions is +2, while the charge of sodium ions is -1. The molecule of calcium chloride contains one calcium ion (+2) and two chloride ions (-1), resulting in an overall charge of 0, or neutral.
<u>IONIC BONDING IN CALCIUM CHLORIDE</u> 
Electron sharing produces covalent compounds, while electron donation produces ionic compounds. 
is a salt with an ionic bond. This is because calcium takes up an electron to each of the chlorine atoms, resulting in 
ions for calcium and
ions for chlorine. At room temperature, it behaves like a normal ionic halide and is solid. Calcium is a metal with a non-metal sulphate bond.
<u>Thus , Calcium chloride have ionic bonds present on them . No covalent bonds takes place in calcium chloride.</u>
Answer:The FitnessGram PACER Test is a multistage aerobic capacity test that progressively gets more difficult as it continues. The test is used to measure a student's aerobic capacity as part of the FitnessGram assessment. Students run back and forth as many times as they can, each lap signaled by a beep sound.
Explanation:
In chemistry, there are two types of change, they are chemical and physical changes. A chemical change is one in which new substance are formed and it is always irreversible while a physical change is one in which no new substance is formed and it is always reversible. There are many factors that can indicate that a chemical change has taken place, these include: energy transfer, formation of precipitation, gas production, etc. Fracture formation does not indicate chemical change. In fracture formation nothing changes, so it is a form of physical change.
