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Aneli [31]
3 years ago
5

Why gene flow isn’t the cause of antibiotic resistance

Biology
1 answer:
romanna [79]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Antibiotic resistance continues to become worse, despite the ever-increasing resources devoted to combat the problem. One of the most important factors in the development of resistance to antibiotics is the remarkable ability of bacteria to share genetic resources via Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT).

LGT occurs on a global scale, such that in theory, any gene in any organism anywhere in the microbial biosphere might be mobilized and spread. With sufficiently strong selection, any gene may spread to a point where it establishes a global presence. From an antibiotic resistance perspective, this means that a resistance phenotype can appear in a diverse range of infections around the globe nearly simultaneously. We discuss the forces and agents that make this LGT possible and argue that the problem of resistance can ultimately only be managed by understanding the problem from a broad ecological and evolutionary perspective. We also argue that human activities are exacerbating the problem by increasing the tempo of LGT and bacterial evolution for many traits that are important to humans.

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In garden peas, the yellow seed trait is dominant over green seeds. Also, the round seed trait is dominant over the wrinkled-see
Darina [25.2K]

Answer:

405 individuals will be yellow and round seeded.

Explanation:

<u>Available data:</u>

  • the yellow seed trait is dominant over green seeds
  • round seed trait is dominant over the wrinkled-seed trait
  • These genes are on separate chromosomes

Let´s name the seed color genes Y, and the seed shape gene R

  • Y is the dominant allele for seed color expressing yellow
  • y is the recessive allele for seed color expressing green
  • R is the dominant allele for seed shape expressing round
  • r is the recessive allele for seed shape expressing wrinkled

Cross: between two plants that are heterozygous for both traits

Parental)       Yy Rr            x       Yy Rr

Gametes) YR   yR   Yr   yr   YR   yR   Yr   yr

Punnet Square)   YR         yR         Yr         yr

                YR     YYRR     YyRR     YYRr    YyRr

                yR      YyRR      yyRR     YyRr     yyRr

                Yr       YYRr      YyRr      YYrr     Yyrr

                yr        YyRr       yyRr      Yyrr      yyrr

F1) 720 individuals

    9/16 yellow and round seeded individuals, Y-R-

    3/16 green and round seeded individuals, yyR-

    3/16 yellow and wrinkle seeded individuals, Y-rr

    1/16 green and wrinkle seeded individuals, yyrr

<em>Note: the "-" symbol in the phenotypes means that there it could be either a dominant or recessive allele. </em>

If 720 is the total number of individuals in the F1, then:

16 possible genotypes ---------- 100% of the progeny -------- 720 individuals

9 yellow and rounded----------- 56.25% ----------------------------405 individuals

3 green and rounded-------------18.75%------------------------------135 individuals

3 yellow and wrinkled-------------18.75%------------------------------135 individuals

1 green and wrinkled--------------6.25%-------------------------------45 individuals

7 0
3 years ago
Which of these energy transformations is taking place in the chimpmunk when its cells use the plants sugars to carry out cell pr
Alexeev081 [22]

Answer:

This question lacks options, the options are:

A. chemical energy -> kinetic energy

B. kinetic energy -> solar energy

C. solar energy -> chemical energy

D. kinetic energy -> nuclear energy

The correct answer is A.

Explanation:

All living organisms need energy to carry out certain processes in their body. This energy is obtained in form of ATP (chemical energy) when their food molecules is broken down via a process called CELLULAR RESPIRATION.

This chemical energy (ATP) is needed to perform cellular processes in the body. According to this question, a chipmunk (animal) will utilize the energy it derives (ATP) from breaking down plant sugars to carry out its cell processes. This means that it will transform CHEMICAL ENERGY → KINETIC ENERGY.

Note that, kinetic energy is the energy due to motion in the Chipmunk.

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Hmmm let me think.........
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Answer:

what

Explanation:

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When assessing claims what is validity?
meriva

Answer:

Validity refers to the degree to which a method assesses what it claims or intends to assess.

Explanation:

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