During the process of transpiration, water _______ a plant through the ______

This problem is asking for an explanation of what we need to know about double and triple bonds to successfully predict molecular geometries in molecules. At the end, one comes to the conclusion that double and triple bonds contribute to the degree in which an atom is bonded and they also determine the lone pairs, which, at the same time, define the molecular geometry.

<h3>Molecular geometry:</h3>

In chemistry, molecules are not necessarily flat arrangements of atoms, yet they have specific bond angles, orientations and shapes, which define the molecular geometry. In such a way, we can use the VSEPR theory in order to know the molecular geometry of a molecule; however, we first need its Lewis structure or at least the number and type of bonds to do so.

Consider water and carbon dioxide; the former has two hydrogen to oxygen bonds (O-H) and 2 lone pairs because O has six valence electrons but just 2 are bonded to complete the octet, so 4 unpaired electrons lead to two lone pairs. On the other hand, the latter has two double bonds (C=O) and 0 lone pairs because carbon has four valence electrons and they are all bonded to complete the octet.

In such a way, one can see how the double bond affected the bonding in CO2 in contrast to the H2O; situation that also applies to triple bonds, because CO2 has a linear molecular geometry whereas water has a bent one (see attached picture)

Hence, one comes to the conclusion that double and triple bonds contribute to the degree in which an atom is bonded and they also determine the lone pairs, which, at the same time, define the molecular geometry.