Answer:
The time elapses until the boat is first at the trough of a wave is 4.46 seconds.
Explanation:
Speed of the wave, v = 59 km/h = 16.38 m/s
Wavelength of the wave, 
If f is the frequency of the wave. The frequency of a wave is given by :

The time period of the wave is given by :

We need to find the time elapses until the boat is first at the trough of a wave. So, the time will be half of the time period of the wave.

Hence, this is the required solution.
Answer: F = 1235 N
Explanation: Newton's Second Law of Motion describes the effect of mass and net force upon acceleration: 
Acceleration is the change of velocity in a period of time: 
Velocity of the car is in km/h. Transforming it in m/s:

v = 13 m/s
At the moment the car decelerates, acceleration is
a = 65 m/s²
Then, force will be

= 1235 N
The horizontal net force the straps of the restraint chair exerted on the child to hold her is 1235 newtons.